完形填空是初三學(xué)生失分率最高的題型之一。

　　完形填空集閱讀理解能力與語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力考查于一體，考查內(nèi)容包括詞語(yǔ)辨析、詞的用法及搭配、語(yǔ)法、單句理解、語(yǔ)篇理解等。既考查學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，在一定語(yǔ)言情景下靈活運(yùn)用詞匯、語(yǔ)法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的能力，又考查學(xué)生的邏輯推理能力。完形填空題主要考查以下五個(gè)方面。

　　1.考查快速閱讀理解能力與技巧，尤其是邊讀邊猜和跳讀能力。

　　2.考查找準(zhǔn)主題以及了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、理順文章的能力。

　　3.考查根據(jù)試題所給線索，捕捉相關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行歸納、判斷、分析和推理能力。

　　4.考查學(xué)生是否具備熟練、扎實(shí)的詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。

　　5.考查學(xué)生的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)。

　　As soon as he finished his homework, Eric jumped onto his bicycle and rode off in the direction of the beach. While he was 1 along, he thought about the whales (鯨魚). He hoped he would see them again today. After he got to the beach, Eric 2 his bicycle behind a bush so that no one could see it from the road. Then he ran down onto the sand. 3 it was only four in the afternoon, the sky was already growing dark. Eric frowned (皺眉). If it 4 , he wouldn‘t be able to see the whales because they would stay in deeper water. He hurried along the beach 5 the rocks. They were the best place to watch the whales from because of their 6 . Before Eric reached the rocks he felt a drop of water o his head. Oh no! he thought. Now the whales will stay in the deep water and I won‘t be able to 7 them! But just then he saw a large shape on the beach. It was a young whale! The whale had come too close to the shore (海岸) and got stuck (擱淺) on the 8 ! At first the whale didn‘t move at all and Eric thought it was 9 . Then he saw its tail move weakly. Eric turned and ran through the rain as fast as he could back to his bicycle. He had to get 10 ! Unless they got the whale back in the water soon, it would die and Eric couldn‘t let that happen.

　　1. A. riding B. running C. getting D. walking

　　2. A. sent B. hid C. took D. got

　　3. A. As B. Since C. Because D. Although

　　4. A. shone B. snowed C. rained D. blew

　　5. A. into B. off C. to D. from

　　6. A. length B. size C. height D. shape

　　7. A. watch B. kill C. catch D. save

　　8. A. soil B. beach C. grass D. water

　　9. A. dead B. pretty C. lovely D. alive

　　10. A. care B. water C. medicine D. help

　　(南京市2007年中考英語(yǔ)試題)

　　通讀全文后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)講述了一位愛觀察鯨魚的少年，在一個(gè)下雨的午后在海灘拯救擱淺的鯨魚的故事。

　　1.考查上下文語(yǔ)境。根據(jù)第一句中rode off這個(gè)詞組判斷他是邊騎車邊想有關(guān)鯨魚的事。故選A。

　　2.考查上下文語(yǔ)境和詞義辨析。根據(jù)這句中的目的狀語(yǔ)從句判斷(so that no one could see it from the road)，他應(yīng)該是“藏”他的自行車。hide意思是“藏”。故選B。

　　3.考查轉(zhuǎn)折詞“although”。盡管才下午4點(diǎn)鐘，但天已變黑了。故選D。

　　4.考查上下文語(yǔ)境。直到下文中有一句：He felt a drop of water on his head, 我們才能確定答案。故選C。

　　5.屬于語(yǔ)法題。考查固定搭配hurry to。故選C。

　　小結(jié)：通過2007年的中考試題解析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)完形填空的考查已由單純的語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)類的考查逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)φZ(yǔ)篇的整體理解和對(duì)學(xué)生能力的考查。大多數(shù)題目所設(shè)的選項(xiàng)只從語(yǔ)法角度判斷都是正確的(如題1)，但聯(lián)系語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，則只有一個(gè)正確答案，重在考查對(duì)語(yǔ)篇上下文邏輯意義的理解及在情境中辨析詞義的能力。

　　1.通讀全文，把握大意。第一遍瀏覽全文，跳過一個(gè)個(gè)空格，力求對(duì)文章的整體有個(gè)大致的了解，切忌拿到題目就急于選答案。對(duì)全文不了解容易導(dǎo)致出錯(cuò)，一定要通篇考慮。

　　2.精讀全文，各個(gè)擊破。第二遍逐句閱讀，先易后難，逐空試填，對(duì)四個(gè)被選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，從上下文、詞匯用法、常識(shí)、邏輯推理、習(xí)慣用法和搭配等方面綜合考慮。能確定的選項(xiàng)，暫時(shí)放一下，可能在下文中有提示。

　　3.復(fù)讀全文，查漏補(bǔ)缺。第三遍把所選答案代入原文復(fù)讀一遍，避免疏漏或錯(cuò)誤。核查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配是否有誤，故事情節(jié)是否完整，語(yǔ)意是否合理等。

　　請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)囍�用以上技巧完�?-10題。答案：

　　6.考查上下文語(yǔ)境。They, their指的是rocks巖石，由于巖石的高度，是他觀察鯨魚的最好地方。故選C。

　　7.考查上下文語(yǔ)境。Eric 到海邊就是為了看鯨魚的。故選A。

　　8.考查上下文語(yǔ)境。鯨魚擱淺應(yīng)該在海灘。故選B。

　　9.考查上下文語(yǔ)境。從本句中the whale didn‘t move at all可知， Eric以為它死了。故選A。

　　10.考查上下文語(yǔ)境。從最后一句不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，Eric必須尋求幫助。故選D。

　　名師檔案：南京育英外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校初三英語(yǔ)教師，五次擔(dān)任畢業(yè)班英語(yǔ)教學(xué)工作，多年擔(dān)任英語(yǔ)教研組長(zhǎng)，南京市優(yōu)秀青年教師，南京市教育學(xué)會(huì)外語(yǔ)專業(yè)委員會(huì)成員。