上海新東方學(xué)校 四六級(jí)、考研寫(xiě)作明星教師 汪忠平

　　Should the university campus be open to tourists?

　　1. 名校校園正成為旅游新熱點(diǎn)

　　2. 校園是否應(yīng)對(duì)公眾開(kāi)放人們看法不同

　　3. 我認(rèn)為。。。

　　本次四級(jí)考試作文試題在我們意料之中，又在我們意料之外。作文主題還是和校園生活密切相關(guān)的話(huà)題，但其命題形式卻出乎我們意料。因?yàn)樗�完全背離了近年寫(xiě)作考試命題的方向——考察考生寫(xiě)作基本功，即寫(xiě)記敘文、描寫(xiě)文和書(shū)信的能力。眾所周知四、六級(jí)考試面臨重大改革，原計(jì)劃本次四級(jí)考試采用全新題型。但后來(lái)由于各種原因，仍舊采用了傳統(tǒng)題型。這一點(diǎn)考試前我們有所了解，出乎我們意料之外的是：連寫(xiě)作部分也采用了老題型，并且是最老的題型！是早從2000年起就已經(jīng)被摒棄的題型！

　　這種三段式的議論文題型近年來(lái)之所以銷(xiāo)聲匿跡，是因?yàn)樗鼮椤澳０迨健白魑奶峁┝擞梦渲�地，而不能很好地測(cè)試考生的寫(xiě)作基本功。有悖于寫(xiě)作作為“測(cè)試考生綜合能力”的一項(xiàng)考試。面對(duì)這種考試，有準(zhǔn)備的學(xué)生可以輕松的進(jìn)行“機(jī)械化制作”。

　　首先，它的開(kāi)頭段有很多固定“精彩”句型：

　　1. There is no consensus of opinions (there are some controversies) among people as to do sth (as to the view of sth)

　　2. When it comes to sth, people’s ideas(views/notions/opinions) vary from person to person( from one to another):

　　3. When asked about …, a divergence of opinions (on sth) arises:

　　4. Nowadays (recently/these days/currently), there has been a heated discussion (a sensational debate) on the issue of sth.( on whether or not we should …)

　　如果覺(jué)得這些句型還不夠，還可以有更多的句型來(lái)講開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)得更詳細(xì)點(diǎn)：

　　1. People who are against sth hold that___, others, however, contradict that ___

　　2. some hold___ while others take it for granted ( firmly believe/ argue/ favor)___

　　3. it is held that____, while it is also held that______

　　4. as opposed to others who hold that____, a considerable proportion of people claim that____,

　　這種方法適合于有些議論文的開(kāi)頭。如全文的主要部分是討論兩種對(duì)立觀(guān)點(diǎn)，或介紹作者對(duì)某一很有爭(zhēng)議性話(huà)題的看法，用這種方法開(kāi)頭就很合適。如：

　　When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.(對(duì)讀書(shū)方法的兩種不同觀(guān)點(diǎn))

　　Many people do not agree about opportunity. Some think that opportunity is so rare that only the luckiest persons have it. Others argue that everyone has opportunity at one time or another in his or her life. (對(duì)機(jī)遇的不同看法)

　　There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate. Some people claim that everyone is born to a certain fate that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life. (對(duì)命運(yùn)的兩種不同觀(guān)點(diǎn))

　　考試時(shí)碰到這種議論文，大家完全可以從上述兩組句型中分別隨意抽取一個(gè)句子組成一個(gè)總結(jié)式開(kāi)頭。如 “對(duì)大學(xué)生校外租房的不同看法”就可以很輕松地隨便寫(xiě)出幾種不同的版本：

　　There is no consensus of opinions among people as to rent houses outside campus. It is held that renting houses outside campus allows students more freedom; while it is also held that this practice will do harm to students concerned.

　　Currently, there has been a heated discussion on whether college students should be allowed to live outside campus. As opposed to others who hold that too much freedom will spoil the students, a considerable proportion of students claim that they are old enough to be their own master.

　　同樣，我們也可以用這些句型組合來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這次考試：

　　There is no consensus of opinions among people as to whether the university campus should be open to tourists. As opposed to others who hold that university campus should be reserved for college students, a considerable proportion of people claim that this practice is beneficial.

　　值得注意的是：這種方法常與背景介紹法或其他方法結(jié)合使用，可能效果更佳。如上面的文章如果加上背景介紹就變成：

　　Nowadays a phenomenon has aroused considerable concern--- increasing number of tourists pour into university campus. As to the view of this phenomenon people’s ideas vary from one to another. It is held that this practice is welcome; while it is also held that this will do harm to people concerned.

　　也可以在總結(jié)法之前設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)到幾個(gè)問(wèn)句，這樣過(guò)渡自然，也很為新穎。如上面的段落加上問(wèn)句就變成：

　　Nowadays a phenomenon has aroused considerable concern--- increasing number of tourists pour into university campus. Is this practice good or bad? As to the view of this phenomenon people’s ideas vary from one to another. It is held that this practice is welcome; while it is also held that this will do harm to people concerned. (56 words)

　　大家甚至完全可以獨(dú)立的用一連串的設(shè)問(wèn)句引起對(duì)全文大意的總結(jié)。這種方法簡(jiǎn)單易行，每個(gè)同學(xué)都能輕松掌握。如關(guān)于讀書(shū)方法的不同看法：

　　What’s your reading habit? Shall we read selectively or extensively? People have different attitudes toward this question. Some hold the opinion that one should read selectively, choosing only those that are useful and helpful. The energy of a person is limited. So is a matter of how to use the limited energy in almost effective way, that is, how to get as much useful knowledge as possible. Only by reading selectively can one achieve this goal.

　　再如“出國(guó)熱”：

　　Have you ever been abroad? Do you long to study overseas? Have you considered the advantage and disadvantage of furthering your study away from China? When asked these questions, a divergence of opinions arises. It is held that studying abroad will do more harm than good, while it is also held that it will at least off the person concerned a valuable experience.

　　至于主體段落和結(jié)論段就有更簡(jiǎn)單的模式：

　　People who prefer ………………h(huán)ave their reasons: The first reason for their choice is, they maintain, that ………………………………………………………... Besides, ………, they go on to point out, ……………………………………………………... What is more important, ………………………………..they also claim that ………………………………………………………………………

　　But others may not agree. They would argue that …………………………………………；What is worse, they emphasize, ……………………………………………………..(；Finally, they insist that …………………………………………………..

　　Who is right? Of course both sides have their reasons. Were I to offer my choice, I would not hesitate a moment to say that I favor ………… After all, ……………………………………………………………………………………….

　　根據(jù)上述模式，考生只需略作思考，為雙方想出一些理由然后用簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)“填空”就可以了。

　　People who prefer (to treat college as destination of tourists)have their reasons: The first reason for their choice is, they maintain, that (this will provide university an extra sum of money, will can help solve the university financial problem). Besides, (this practice), they go on to point out, (can help college students have contact with the outside world). What is more important,. they also claim that colleges can be soils for teenage tourists to cultivate their love for knowledge and truth.

　　But others may not agree. They would argue that (this will inevitably distract college students from their study)；What is worse, they emphasize, (tourists might leave some rubbish on the campus, which will ruin the beauty of campus).

　　Who is right? Of course both sides have their reasons. Were I to offer my choice, I would not hesitate a moment to say that I favor (the former side). After all, (colleges and universities are public places as long as tourists take care not to cause trouble for colleges). (173 words0

　　可以看出，這篇文章的內(nèi)容其實(shí)很空。但通過(guò)模式，我們輕松的可以寫(xiě)出兩百多個(gè)單詞。不過(guò)，同學(xué)們千萬(wàn)不要過(guò)多地依賴(lài)這種模式化的句型。如果不考這種題型，用這套模式會(huì)很牽強(qiáng)。并且，閱卷老師越來(lái)越反感這種模式。

　　我們估計(jì)，因?yàn)楦鞣N原因，這次考試是一種全面回歸。但這肯定是全面改革之前的最后一次回歸。