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英語四六級考試

2011年12月英語六級答案解析完整版(長沙新東方)

2011年12月英語六級答案解析考試吧發布。
第 1 頁:作文
第 2 頁:快速閱讀
第 3 頁:聽力
第 4 頁:仔細閱讀
第 5 頁:完型
第 6 頁:翻譯

  閱讀簡答題

  節選自Robert Pfister與Patrick Tierney所著Recreation, event, and tourism businesses: start-up and sustainable operations一書中Leadership in Business一章

  Leadership is the second most significant word in today’s competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that “how things get done” influences the success of the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker, coined the phrase “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things,” he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.

  When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm, which he observed centered on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one’s attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a desired vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value. Business leadership means that managers need to “put first things first,” which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.

  47. To be good leaders, managers must pay close attention to their own _____.

  【解析】該題問的是為了成為好的領導,管理者們必須特別關注他們自己的什么方面。由順序原則該題應位于首段,注意到題干中pay close attention to同義改寫成了首段首句的focus inward on,因此該句該表達后的名詞成分capabilities and style即為答案。其前面的personal與題干own重合,不用填入。

  48. According to Peter Drucker, leaders should be good at _____.

  【解析】該題問的是Peter Drucker認為領導應擅長什么。用人名課定位至首段末句,該人強調領導應該“做正確的事”,將這個動詞表達doing the right thing填入即可。

  49. The personality ethic suggests that people are likely to succeed if they have _____.

  【解析】該題的是人格魅力(personality ethic)提出人更容易成功的條件是什么。用personality ethic可定位至第二段第三句前后,其后的該段第五句詳細闡述到personality ethic認為是一個人的態度在激發其成功,并指出這種魅力是基于積極精神態度的信仰。可知成功的重點是態度,并且是積極的態度。答案填入a positive mental attitude。注意a不能省略,這里表示“一種積極的精神態度”,也最好不要去掉a而在attitude后加s。

  50. According to Stephen Covey, leaders who hope to achieve outstanding success need first of all _____.

  【解析】該題問的是Stephen Covey認為那些想獲得杰出成功的領導需要先做的事。用Covey及outstanding success可以定位到第二段第六句,Covey認為想享受杰出成功的領導最重要(vital)的是要先(first)自己管理好自己,因此把這個最重要的先決條件to personally manage themselves填入即可。注意need后面要接不定式,to不可少。另外themselves可以指代該題題干中的leaders,因此可不還原。

  51. Good leadership requires one to know one’s own strengths and be able to win people’s _____.

  【解析】該題問的是好的領導能力要求一個人除了了解自身長處,還要能夠贏得別人的什么方面。由strength可定位到全文末句,提到在領導他人前一個人要先清除自己的價值、能力和長處,同時還要被別人視為可信的,即是說要贏得他人信任。將原文形容詞trustworthy改為名詞trust填入即可。

  仔細閱讀1

  來自Slate: Trade is the New Plastics

  來源:http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2010/08/trade_is_the_new_plastics.html

  What's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate today? China? India? How about trade?

  When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doomsaying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.

  But there's another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession—a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States—but an economic expansion.

  The rising volume of trade—more goods and services shuttling in and out of the United States—is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery, and logistics have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign markets—when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price—agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.

  And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GM's balance sheet—and hence makes the jobs of U.S.-based executives more stable.

  One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. That's to be expected, given what we've been through. But there's a bigger challenge. Can U.S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India, or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it's no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.

  Companies and individuals who don't have a strategy to export more, or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lion's share of economic opportunity in our world.

  52. How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?

  A. It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.

  B. It reflects Americans’ preference for imported goods.

  C. It signifies a change in American economic structure.

  D. It is the result of America’s growing focus on domestic market.

  【解析】該題問的是悲觀主義者對六月美國貿易赤字的解讀。用deficit和June可定位至文章第二段,用pessimists可進一步定至第二段末句,該句中悲觀主義者提到如果這種貿易不平衡繼續,很可能會導致發展變慢,這直接對應A選項。

  53. What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?

  A. It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.

  B. It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.

  C. It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.

  D. It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.

  【解析】該題問的是作者對過去兩年貿易數據的說法。用trade data和past two years可定位至第三段第二句,作者提到近兩年的數據并沒有指示出經濟衰退,插入語后用轉折引出數據指示的其實是一種經濟擴張(economic expansion)。由此可知作者對數據的解讀是偏正向、樂觀的。四個答案中唯一正向的是A,原文的expansion被同義改寫為activities increased。

  54. Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?

  A. People who have expertise in international trade.

  B. Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.

  C. Consumers who favor imported goods and services.

  D. Retailers dealing in foreign goods and services.

  【解析】該題問的是誰從上升的貿易容量中特別受益。用rising volume of trade可定位至第四段段首,不難推知該段整體都在談受益對象。從第二句起分別提到各運輸業獲益大,一直到末句提到貿易敏感行業人也獲益良多,末句最后用especially遞進引出受益最多的行業,這對應題干的particularly,因而原文這之后提到的價格受全球需求影響的行業的制造商,特別是農業、礦產、金屬行業和石油,即為受益最明顯的行業。這對應B選項。agricultural沒有替換,raw materials(工業原材料)同義替換了原文的礦產、石油和金屬行業。

  55. What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?

  A. Decreasing productivity.

  B. People’s reluctance to spend.

  C. Competition from overseas.

  D. Slack trade activities.

  【解析】該題問的是美國經濟面臨的一個挑戰是什么。用challenges可定位至第六段首句。該段首句提到第一個挑戰是國內需求不足,該段中用but引出第二個更大的挑戰則是美國產業如何參與獲取及利用的全球市場需求。B選項“人們不愿意消費”是對第一個挑戰的同義改寫。

  56. What is the author’s advice to U.S. companies and individuals?

  A. To import more cheap good from developing countries.

  B. To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets.

  C. To increase their market share overseas.

  D. To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.

  【解析】該題問的是作者對美國公司及個人的建議。根據順序原則定位至末段。末段作者提到任何不增加出口、不參與國際市場、不在國際貿易中發揮作用的美國公司和個人都會將自己隔絕在巨大的全球經濟機會份額之外。不難看出作者建議美國公司和個人更多參與國際貿易,增大其在全球經濟中所占份額,這對應C選項。

  仔細閱讀2

  選自英國衛報(The Guardian):More UK universities should be profiting from ideas

  A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.

  Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spend by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.

  However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.

  When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.

  This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receive of 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.

  The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.

  Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.

  If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.

  57. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?

  A. They still have a place among the world leaders.

  B. They have lost their leading position in many ways.

  C. They do not regard it as their responsibility.

  D. They fail to convert knowledge into money.

  【解析】該題問的是作者對英國大學在商業化方面的看法。由順序原則可定位至文首。首段提出人們對英國大學在知識到產品服務轉化過程方面的批評,二段整體用調查數據證明首段對英國的大學的負面觀點,提出英國大學在干細胞研究領域將會失去世界領先地位。但這些都并非作者觀點,同時在第三段短首出現轉折,然后引入作者方面的觀點。可知作者觀點與首二段相反,他并不認為英國失去世界領先地位,三段末句更提出英國大學在許多商業活動方面仍領先全球。可知作者認為英國大學仍大體領先世界,總體持正面肯定態度。四個選項中唯一持正面態度的為A。

  58. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities’ performance in commercialization?

  A. It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.

  B. It does not reflect the differences among universities.

  C. It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.

  D. It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.

  【解析】該題問的是作者對英國大學商業化表現的國家統計數據的看法。由national data可定位至第四段轉折后,提到數據掩蓋了單個大學之間表現的差距。對應B選項。Mask同義改寫為does not reflect,variation同義改寫為differences。

  59.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions” refers to ___.

  A. concentration of resources in a limited number of universities

  B. compulsory cooperation between universities and industries

  C. government aid to non-research-oriented universities

  D. fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions

  【解析】該題考察“policy interventions”的意思。僅從字面意思“政府干預”還不足以選出答案,需要結合上下文。該短語所在的第四段提到這種“政府干預”促進了英國大學整體表現的提高,但之后轉折指出,英國大學個體之間存在較大差異。第五段首更是將第四段強調的現象總結為“分配不平均”(uneven distribution)。由此可知這種“政府干預”指的應是政府對一部分大學的偏向性支持,而對更多的大學則支持不夠,造成資源分配不均。對應A選項“資源集中在少數大學中”。

  60. What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?

  A. Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.

  B. Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.

  C. Publicise their research to win international recognition.

  D. Spread their influence among top research institutions.

  【解析】該題問的是作者對研究導向型大學的建議。由research-led universities可定位至全文第六段。該段中部用rather轉折引出作者覺得這些大學應該(should)產生最廣的社會、經濟與環境等各方面效益(widest range),應該分享他們的專業技術資源,讓整個領域(build greater confidence in the sector)都構筑起信心,此即為建議。對應A選項,僅有A強調了范圍是all sectors of society。B提到的與缺乏資金的學校分享設施、C提到的擴大國際影響與D提到的擴大在頂級研究機構中的影響范圍均太窄。

  61. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK’s economic growth?

  A. By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.

  B. By asking the government to invest in technology transfer research.

  C. By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.

  D. By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.

  【解析】該題問的是大學如何在英國經濟發展中扮演關鍵角色。由play a key role定位至全文末句。末句提到兩個要素,一是區域間技術轉移的更好協調,二是對研究院所規模及功能上同步進行投資。僅有C選項結合了這兩個要點。A提到的技術轉移辦公室數量的增加、D提到的提升技術轉移機構的效率,均是原文沒有的信息。B選項將技術轉移和投資這兩個不想關的信息混到了一起。

  【總結】本次六級考試閱讀部分出題角度仍保留了六級的一貫特征,難度并不太大。快速閱讀答案多能通過定位迅速查找到。簡答題部分也比較方便查找,需要考生做變化的點不多。仔細閱讀方面,正確選項依然以題干定位處就近信息的同義改寫和替換為主,錯誤選項的迷惑性也不強,多可通過核心詞、態度傾向等較快排除。文中轉折、遞進等依舊是考察重點。文章內容方面,依舊是大家較為熟悉的經濟、教育等熱點話題,語言難度也不大。值得注意的是這次四六級考試都選擇了多篇來自英國衛報的文章,之前衛報文章頁選擇過,可見六級對這類英美主流報刊的喜愛。這種與歐美主流生活較為接近的話題以及特色性報刊可以成為大家平常泛讀的一個選擇。

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   數學學士學位,2010級長江商學院MBA。2004年加入北京新東方學校...[詳細]
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