(三)說明文(3)

　　圖表寫作也屬于說明文的類型，這種文章通常結構是：

　　Paragraph 1change(變化)

　　Paragraph 2reasons or implication(原因或意義)

　　Paragraph 3conclusion (effects; implication)(結論)

　　The period 1995~2005 witnessed a rapid increase in the number of people in City X traveling abroad. As can be seen, in 1995, only about 10,000 people in this city went overseas while in 1995 this number quickly rose to 40,000. In 2005, however the number of overseas traveler surged to over 120,000, which is more than 10 times as many as that of 1995. (變化)

　　This change can be accounted for by a couple of factors. First, along with social and economy progress, the living standard of the Chinese people has been greatly enhanced, so they have enough money and time to travel abroad. Meanwhile, more and more people want to enjoy themselves and broaden their vision by visiting overseas historical places and experiencing exotic cultures. (原因)

　　Overseas travel has a profound effect on both individuals and the society. It can widen our people’s horizons, promote friendship and enhance cultural interaction. In the meantime, it can also boost our social economy and make our society more prosperous and dynamic. It’s good for our nation’s progress. (結論)

　　(四)議論文(1)

　　議論文的第一種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的兩種觀點，來闡述自己的立場，或對這一問題反映出的某一觀點進行駁斥，然后提出自己的看法并加以論證。它的基本形式是：一些人認為……；另一些人認為……；我的看法……。這種文章的基本結構如下：

　　Paragraph 1Introduction(啟)

　　Paragraph 2Analysis(承)

　　Paragraph 3 Conclusion(轉合)

　　例如：

　　1.一些人認為數據庫威脅個人隱私

　　2.另一些人認為數據庫有利于提高工作效率

　　3.我的看法

　　My view on Data Collection

　　Data collection is a fact of modern life. Some argue that data collection is endangering the rights of individuals, though others see it as a useful tool which increases efficiency. (啟)To be frank, I believe data collection does more good than harm. (作者觀點)

　　For one thing, databases provide a very useful tool. Large databases which contain information on many individuals can enable more effective decisions to be made. Institutions such as government departments and police rely on data collection in order to operate efficiently, and hospitals use computerized records to help in their fight against disease. (承1) For another, databases stored on computer can also be very efficient. Data which has been collected in one area can be sent anywhere in the world almost instantly. This means that those who have legitimate access to this data can work very efficiently. (承2)

　　In summary, data collection on individuals can be justified, although all possible measures should be taken to minimize the risks. (轉合)