Cloze Test 3

　　Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.

　　For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A research has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.

　　41. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any

　　42. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred

　　43. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful

　　44. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded

　　45. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose

　　46. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction

　　47. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with

　　48. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on

　　49. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce

　　50. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only

　　Cloze Test 5

　　Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

　　The view, 47 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

　　41. [A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted

　　42. [A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal

　　43. [A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate

　　44. [A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude

　　45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By

　　46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely

　　47. [A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover

　　48. [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for

　　49. [A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated

　　50. [A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] marked

　　To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling.

　　Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.

　　Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

　　As can be seen from the graph, the average number of students in universities increased dramatically over the period from 1999 to 2005. Before 1998, less than ### students could enter colleges, however, after 1999, people who can received high-educated were coming increasingly rise, and in 2005 the figure hit ###.

　　A multitude of factors could account for the rise. In the first place, with the development of modern science and technology, more and more people aware that the importance of a large scope of knowledge. If a man has a wide range of knowledge, he will have more opportunities to achieve success and will be better pilot of his life. In the second place, government enable more chances for males and females to go to college.

　　However, there is still exist some problems, such as, quality of teaching, students’ accommodations, job and so on. And how to balance the 升學and 就業 is also a serious problem. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from college as long as we want to pursue knowledge.

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