30) 經受：For the first time, we have to experience defeat. / The society has undergone some major changes in the last two decades.

　　31) 反駁：The arguer may be right about …, but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (take into account) the fact that …. / As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly / generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas / views), I believe (argue) that …/ There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that…./ Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument seems and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when … is taken into consideration (account). / On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but by careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that …

　　32) 比較，對比：The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A.

　　33)給出結論：From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that …/ There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution (approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of…, but … might be useful (helpful / beneficial). / Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that … / It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be made to control (check/ halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of … / To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (no easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of mind towards (attitude towards / outlook on) …

　　二.替換法

　　a) 越來越多的 more and more → a growing/an increasing number of

　　b) 也許 perhaps → it is perhaps the case that

　　c) 誰逐漸意識到 gradually know → sb. has recently come to realize sth.

　　d) 幫助 help → assist sb. with sth. aid

　　assist sb. to do sth.

　　assist sb. in doing sth.

　　e) 誰謝謝誰的幫助 sb. thank sb. for the help → sb. acknowledge with thanks the help of sb.

　　f) 相同的 same → identical

　　g) 支持 support → side with, back, hold up

　　h) 盡力去做什么 try to do sth. → try every means to do sth.

　　strive to do sth.

　　endeavor to do sth.

　　make every endeavor to do sth.

　　i) 最新的、一連串的 newest → updated stream of news

　　j) 使從事于，使忙于 be busy in doing/with sth. → engage in

　　k) 拒絕 refuse → reject, repel

　　l) 給誰權利 be given the right → sb. be entitled to sth.

　　m) 不應該做什么，應該做什么 should not do sth., should do sth.

　　→ instead of doing, we should

　　n) 遵守規則 obey the rules → observe the regulations

　　o) 建議 suggest, advise → propose that sb. (should) do sth.

　　p) 談到、涉及到 talk about sth. → touch sth. ;when it comes to

　　q) 準時的 on time → punctual

　　r) 非常地 very → extremely, remarkably, quite

　　s) 重要的(時期)at an important period → at a critical period

　　→ crucial → indispensable

　　t) 把…放在第一位 put sth. first → give priority to sth.

　　u) 獲得一個好工作 get a good job

　　v) 對…滿意的 be satisfied with

　　w) 悲傷 sadness

　　x) 使忙碌 be busy with

　　y) 勤奮的 hardworking

　　z) 透徹的研究 deep study

　　aa) 前景、未來 future

　　bb) 數據的增加 increase

　　cc) 不能做什么 cannot do sth.

　　dd) 不同的原因 different reasons

　　ee) 喜歡做某事 like doing sth.

　　ff) 舉例來說 for example

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