Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries.During the 1950's and 1960's especially, increased attention has been devoted to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex organization of higher mental 5 , they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process.Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8 .

　　These authorities 9 that meaning， being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is not truly reading.The reader, 12 some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads.

　　Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 14 .By some expert they would not be 15 as readers.Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 18 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectively

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpediently

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other hand

　　答案與解析：

　　1.B

　　substantively“實質地”;substantially“大量地”;substitutively“可替代地”;subjectively“主觀地”。本句意為經過幾個世紀，閱讀的概念已經改變了很多。

　　2.C

　　在這里to是介詞，后接名詞或動名詞。因本句中the reading process前也應有動詞，故選動名詞。

　　3.A

　　although表示“盡管”，符合句意。

　　4.A

　　involve使卷入、包括;被動語態時用be involved in;沒有involve to和involve of的用法。

　　5.D

　　mental function智力活動。Opinion“意見”;manner“行為”;effect“影響”，這三項與mental搭配不妥。

　　6.B

　　disagree about/on“對……有不同意見”，在這一含義上不能用其他介詞。

　　7.A

　　view…as把……看作。

　　8.D

　　stand for“代表”;stand by“支持”;stand to“遵守”;stand off“冷淡”。

　　9.B

　　contend“爭論”;content“含量、容量”;contempt“輕視、蔑視”;contact“接觸、聯系”。根據句意，此處應選contend，意為這些權威爭論說……。

　　10.A

　　inexplicably“無法解釋地”;inextricably“無法擺脫的”;inexpressibly“說不出地”;inexpediently“不適當地、不明智地”。本句意為其他人堅持認為閱讀無法解釋地與思考聯系在一起。

　　11.A

　　interpreting“理解”;explaining“解釋”。本句意為一個孩子能發出聲音而不理解所讀的含義，不能叫做真正的閱讀。

　　12.C

　　在這里according to some是說“根據一些人的觀點”。

　　13.D

　　actually“事實上地”;practical是形容詞，不能修飾動詞。這里actually和前半句的theoretical是在詞意上的相對，符合句意。

　　14.B

　　代詞its后接名詞，四項選擇中只有B、D項是名詞。entirety“整體”;entity“實體”。in its entirety指整體地、全面地。

　　15.C

　　be classified as“被劃分、被分類到”;be granted“被授予”。

　　16.C

　　conclusive“確定的”;inclusive“包括的、包圍的”;inclinable“傾向于、贊成的”;complicated“復雜的”。the most conclusive是最高級，指最確定性的。

　　17.D

　　unlock“解開、破譯”;elaborate“詳細說明、論述”;define“解釋、限定”;break up“解散”。

　　18.A

　　for various purposes因為各種各樣的原因，與上下文相符。

　　19.C

　　此處用副詞so修飾widely.

　　20.B

　　根據文意，此處要作總結，選in short“總之”。By the way順便說，So far到目前為止，on the other hand另一方面。

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