4.闡述說明型

　　特點: 一般要求作者一開始就闡明觀點或提出問題 ，接著擺出事實和理由加以論述，然后得出結論。內容可以是論人，論事，或論物。

　　論據可以是事實，科學數據，學者專家的權威觀點及公認原則。

　　寫作常用套語

　　開頭：

　　No one can deny that…

　　It is often said that…

　　As everyone knows,….

　　Recently, /In recent years, there has been in increasing concern about the problem of…

　　It is well known that …has created certain problems for the society today.

　　The problem of…is becoming more and more serious.

　　論證或承接

　　To illustrate /prove this point, let us consider…

　　It has been reported /found/estimated that

　　To take …as an example,…

　　There are many examples to show that…

　　A number of factors will account for …

　　結尾

　　The best way to solve the problem is ...

　　In addition to /apart from this, another way to solve the problem of …is …

　　Effective measures should be taken to solve the problem.

　　Many things can contribute to solving the problem, but the following ones may be the most effective.

　　Our government should make stricter rules to

　　It is essential that quick necessary actions /steps /measures should be taken to deal with the phenomenon/ to cope with the problem.

　　It is high time we took proper steps actions to the terrible situation.

　　5.因果分析型議論文

　　特點：描述某種原因或現象以揭示其必然后果，或披露結果以追溯其各種原因。

　　寫作常用套語

　　There are several reasons for…

　　There are many factors that account for /contribute to /responsible for …,but the following are the typical ones.

　　There are a number of serious effects on…Perhaps the most potential consequence is …

　　Taking into account all the relevant factors, /Judging from all the evidence offered, we may come to the conclusion that...

　　Therefore, it can be inferred that…

　　Accordingly, I recommend that…