A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

　　36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because .

　　A) wrong decisions could lead to poor health

　　B) it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

　　C) it is essential to personal freedom in American society

　　D) personal health choices help cure most illnesses

　　37. To “l(fā)ive a completely sedentary life-style”(Para.1, Line 7-8) in the passage means .

　　A) to “l(fā)ive a decent life” C) to “l(fā)ive a life of vice”

　　B) to “l(fā)ive an inactive life” D) to “l(fā)ive a life with complete freedom”

　　38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because .

　　A) few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of lifeB) people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends

　　C) current medical knowledge is still insufficient

　　D) there are many factors influencing our decisions

　　39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to .

　　A) deliberately ending one's life C) limiting one's personal health choice

　　B) improving the quality of one's life D) breaking the rules of social behavior

　　40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on .

　　A) personal decisions C) friends' opinions

　　B) statistical evidence D) society's laws

　　Unit 5

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　(35 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

　　There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds. There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae (幼蟲). In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought (干旱) in the form of inactive eggs. These are the shrimps (小蝦) that live in the Mojave Desert, an intensely dry region in the south-west of the United States where shade temperatures of over 50℃ are often recorded.��

　　The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance of grains of sand. When sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake, once every two to five years, these eggs hatch (孵化). Then the water is soon filled with millions of tiny shrimps about a millimetre long which feed on tiny plant and animal organisms which also grow in the temporary desert lake. Within a week, the shrimps grow from their original 1 millimetre to a length of about 1.5 centimetres.

　　Throughout the time that the shrimps are rapidly maturing, the water in the lake equally rapidly evaporates. Therefore, for the shrimps it is a race against time. By the twelfth day, however, when they are about 3 centimetre long, hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females. Usually by this time, all that remains of the lake is a large, muddy patch of wet soil. On the thirteenth day and the next, during the final hours of their brief lives, the shrimps lay their eggs in the mud. Then, having ensured that their species will survive, the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.