4. According to the passage, standardized tests work work most effectively when ____________.

　　A. the user knows how to interpret the results in advance.

　　B. the objectives are most clearly defined.

　　C. the persons who take the test are intelligent or skillful.

　　D. they measure the traits or qualities of the tests

　　5. The author’s attitude toward standardized tests could be described as _______.

　　A. positive

　　B. critical

　　C. prejudiced

　　D. indifferent.

　　難句突破：

　　★The standardized educational or psychological tests, (which are widely used to aid [in selecting, assigning or promoting students, employees and military personnel,]) have been the target of recent attacks [in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress.]

　　【分析】復合句。主句主語帶有一個很長的非限定性定語從句，由which引導。從句中還有三個并列的動名詞短語。

　　★How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom (with which it is interpreted.)

　　【分析】復合句。how引導的從句作主語從句。主句的謂語有兩個并列的部分，and 與on之間省略了第二個謂語動詞depends。which引導一個定語從句。

　　案,解題思路,全文翻譯~

　　DDDBA

　　解題思路

　　1 選D。主旨大意題。第一段是給出話題，作為主題內容的第二、三段都是對標準花測試的理論基礎的介紹。

　　2 選D。推理判斷題。第二段提到，要進行準確預測必須有兩個條件，一個是獲得的信息本身，另一個是對所獲得的信息進行分析。所以對于標準化測試所獲得的信息，也必須使用特殊的方法進行分析。因此D正確。原文中，作者是反對抨擊標準化考試的。因此A“標準化考試不應再使用”可排除。測試結果是否有效，取決與很多因素，B過于絕對。標準化測試的價值在于它的快速和客觀性，所以C錯誤。