第三部分(41-60句譯文)

　　41、對于針對美國黑人的種族歧視，他的理論相對成立得較好，但是他將種族偏見如此定義：“在某一特定區域內的種族競爭中被普遍接受的一個種族所受到的基于種族的負面偏見。”可以看作也包含有對象加州的中國人以及中世紀的猶太人等少數民族的敵視。

　　42、加特曼確鑿地說明黑人家庭的穩定鼓勵了黑人文化遺產的傳遞和維護，這些遺產包括從一代傳到另一代的民間傳說，音樂，和宗教表述，這些遺產使非洲和美洲的奴隸們特色顯著。

　　43、即使社會系統的民間知識中像掙錢，花費，組織，婚嫁，政治活動的參與，以及戰斗等等，都與從社會科學中衍生出來更加精細的社會系統描述相差不多，盡管它是建立在一個不太完善的個人經驗上的模型。

　　44、有幾項措施可以采取，其中主要的是要所有宣布以保護動物利益為目標的組織都明確宣布他們對于人類所受到的暴力襲擊表決堅定的立場、

　　45、用其他方式來展示神經類型的細微差別也是可能的，然而，要證明脈沖質量和傳導受到這些差別的影響還缺乏證據，看起來這些差別影響的是神經單元的發展形成方式。

　　46、根據這一理論，不是由感覺神經脈沖的質量來決定他們產生的各種神經感覺的，而是由他們被發射到大腦的哪一部位來決定的，對這一觀點是有證據的。

　　47、磨擦的結果是，在葉面上服從正態分布的地方就會產生兩種分布方式，頂點上主要是小塊，其他的地方是小塊，其他的地方是大塊的地方。

　　48、圣經沒有告訴我們羅馬的數據統計者們怎樣達到我們今天的經濟預測的可靠性的，我們進一步思考的話，其中的意見上有很大的不同。

　　49、在英國進行的一項調查證實經常接受X光照射的脊椎關節炎患者癌癥的百分比高得不正常。

　　50、然而，穿過太空的港灣，那里的意識對于我們的來說就像我們的意識比動物的意識一樣，冷酷廣博而無情的智慧，用嫉妒的眼睛看作地球，慢慢地肯定會制定針對我們的計劃。

　　51、即使是學術界被長時間認作必須“同盟卡”的博士學位，現在也因為僅僅為了學習本身和知識的累積而學習，卻不把知識應用到教授的教學職責中去而受到了嚴厲的批評。

　　52、盡管收集必要的信息對于兩者來說都是需要的，但官員必須以中立和清晰的態度來提供事實的畫面，而藝術家從已設字的信息或者態度開始，并將其過用激發讀者共鳴和情緒反應的詞語描寫的動用細節描述出來。

　　53、流行期刊中甚至有文章批評國民生產總值，因為它并不是一個福利目錄，一方面忽視了它從來就沒有這種傾向，另一方面的建議是通過正確的改變它才能被轉化過來。

　　54、其他的實驗揭示神經細胞的大小、數量、排列和連接的細微變化，但就神經關聯而言，這些感覺區域的相似性比那些細微的區別更有意義可言。

　　55、中國向農民和其它農村住戶發放了宣傳刊物，指導他們觀察動物，以便每戶人家都能參與幫助地震預報。

　　56、星球大戰防御系統的支持者們希望它不僅能保護一個遭受核攻擊的國家，也希望它能成為使核攻擊永不發生的足夠威脅。

　　57、它也不能防止軌道在地球大氣層以內的洲際導彈和轟炸機命中目標。

　　58、人民活動家一直認為黑人和拉丁美人難以在生意上立足的原因是因為他們難以取得大公司的大宗定單和分包合同。

　　59、她認為十九世紀給家庭經濟做出貢獻的孩子才“有用”的概念慢慢改變了，今天提到那些沒有掙取收入的“無用”孩子，甚至還要花銷很多，仍然在情感上被認為是無價的。

　　60、這種關于孩子的觀點到19世紀時已在中上階級中建立，并于19世紀末20世紀初在社會上廣泛傳播，當時改革者們推行童工規定和義務教育法，部分來源于孩子的情感價值的假設，這都使得使用童工被禁止了。

　　61. Of course, it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that the majority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to re-enact the response that greeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted.

　　62. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effect of the new demand for luxuries?

　　63. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.

　　64. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Grassy does not deny their frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.

　　65. If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956 (when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent) and weight them by the age- and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently, the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.

　　66. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “ step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.

　　67. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.

　　68. However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does from industrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investment and producing most of the income—namely ,the developing country partner.

　　69. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.

　　70. The defense lawyer relied on long-standing principles governing the conduct of prosecuting attorneys: as quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not to prejudice a party’s case through overzealous prosecution or to detract from the impartiality of courtroom atmosphere.

　　71. No prudent person dared to act on the assumption that, when the continent was settled, one government could include the whole; and when the vast expense broke up, as seemed inevitable, into a collection of separate nations, only discord, antagonism, and wars could be expected.

　　72. If they were right in thinking that the next necessity in human progress was to lift the average person upon an intellectual and social level with the most favored, they stood at least three generations nearer than Europe to that goal.

　　73. Somehow he knows that if our huckstering civilization did not at every moment violate the eternal fitness of things, the poet’s song would have been given to the world, and the poet would have been cared for by the whole human brotherhood, as any man should be who does the duty that every man owes it.

　　74. The instinctive sense of the dishonor which money-purchase does to art is so strong that sometimes a man of letters who can pay his way otherwise refuses pay for his work, as Lord Byron did, for a while, from a noble pride, and as Count Tolstoy has tried to do, from a noble conscience.

　　75. Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.

　　76. Abraham Lincoln, who presided in his stone temple on August 28, 1963 above the children of the slaves he emancipated (解放), may have used just the right words to sum up the general reaction to the Negroes’ massive march on Washington.

　　77. In the Warren Court era, voters asked the Court to pass on issues concerning the size and shape of electoral districts, partly out of desperation because no other branch of government offered relief, and partly out of hope that the Court would reexamine old decisions in this area as it had in others, looking at basic constitutional principles in the light of modern living conditions.

　　78. Some even argue plausibly that this weakness may be irremediable : in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks to become ever wealthier in material terms disproportionate rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental in producing the increase in its wealth.

　　79. This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other, nonracial forms of discrimination, for while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored, most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discriminations, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect” and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.

　　80. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to have more room for creative accident.