時態語態和語氣的使用錯誤

　　1. 時態錯誤。 主要是指在一個句子中，出現不同的時態，從而造成時態不一致，如： He can't remember what he once knows.

　　2. 語態錯誤。 在 cet6 綜合改錯題中最常見的語態錯誤是被動語態被誤用為主動語態。不及物動詞不能帶賓語，因而也就沒有被動語態。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.

　　3. 虛擬語態錯誤。 此類使用錯誤在綜合改錯題中主要表現為主語和從句的語氣不協調，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中動詞 suggest 之后的從句應用虛擬語氣，故“ is ”應該 “ be ”或“ should be ”。類似的動詞還有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。

　　例 1　　These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________

　　together to hold parties.

　　由于前面的時態已經限制為過去時，而且 came 和 meet 是并列結構，兩者時態應該保持一致，因此應該將 meet 改為 met ，或者將 came 改為 come ，具體情況依據上下文的語境時態而定。

　　例 2　　Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding

　　which products to emphasize now, which to develop

　　for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________

　　本句中三個平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 結構模式應該一致，均采用不定式主動語態，因而 to be dropped 應改為 to drop .

　　例 3　　In the first place, the scientist at once put some

　　kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________

　　securely obtained.

　　根據句子意思可知，此處的 liquid 不可能為動作的發生者，顯然此處應該是被動語態，故應該將 has 改為 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已經安全獲得的液體”。

　　例 4　　Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________

　　the truth.

　　根據句子意思可知，這句話是說如果他們昨天去了就會發現事實真相，然而他們并未去，此處是虛擬語氣，因此應該使用虛擬語氣的格式，將 Did 改為 Had .

　　練習題

　　1 These small households were portraits of

　　independence: the entire family, mother, father,

　　children, even grandparents live in a small house

　　and working together to support each other. 1.__________

　　2 In the meantime the unscientific world awoke

　　to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________

　　discovery.

　　3 For in 1895, the year of the Curie marriage,

　　Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________

　　named after him—— he forerunners of modern

　　X-rays.

　　4 Mary hoped at one time to study at the University

　　of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she

　　demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the 4.__________

　　secretary said that science was not a thing in which

　　women can meddle.

　　5 Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________

　　jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation.

　　6 Many people who live in London think that life in

　　a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________

　　7 The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________

　　the last sixty years would have seemed impossible

　　to even the most Brilliant scientists at the turn of

　　the 19th century.

　　8 I regret having left the work unfinished, I should

　　have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________

　　9 No bank kept enough cash to pay all its depositors 9.__________

　　in full at one time.

　　10 The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________

　　over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region

　　of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians.

　　答案解析：working→work.此句總體上講述的是這些小家庭獨立的掠影，而后半句解釋到這些小家庭的成員生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，應該用一般現在時，和live保持一致。 are→were. are→were. allow前加be.“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允許作……”的意思。 offered前加be.“offer”是及物動詞，后面應該接雙賓語結構，即“offer sb. sth.”而在該句中缺少成分而只有賓語補主語，應該將其改為被動語態，即“be offered sth.”

　　6. offered→offers.

　　7. taken前加have.

　　8. plan→planned.

　　9. kept→keep.

　　10. carry→carrying.

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