2. 起伴隨或補充說明作用的從句、簡單句或并列謂語往往可以改寫為“with +名詞+分詞/形容詞/介詞詞組”的結構作狀語。
1) They wear layers of clothes even in summer time. Newspapers are stuffed between the layers as further protection against bad weather.
2) If more people help them, they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.
3) As all his savings were gone, he started to look for a job.
4) In the corner there is a table. One of its legs is shorter than the others.
5) When the job was finished, we went to the seaside for a holiday.
6) As the pace of change is quickening, more and more scientists find it hard to keep up with the latest developments even in their own disciplines.
7) She looked in my face and tears streamed down her cheeks.
3. 還有另外一些從句或簡單句也可以改寫為介詞詞組作狀語。
1) She won’t go home until she has taken the exam.
2) Because he had a bad leg, he couldn’t walk as fast as the others.
3) We are full aware that the situation is serious.
4) She hurried back to school for fear that she miss too many lessons.
5) We should not criticize Susan for what she has done. Instead, we ought to praise her for it.
6) Helen did not go straight home after school. She went to work as a waitress in a restaurant.
7) I am not going to send the book to Allan by post. I am going to take it to him myself.
8) Dr. Wilson did not go to New York yesterday to attend his daughter’s wedding. He flew to Florida for an emergency case.
4. 系表結構的定語從句往往可以改寫為直接用形容詞、介詞詞組或分詞結構作定語。
1) I love girls who are intelligent
2) At the party, I got to know a professor who is in his thirties.
3) I hate to see letters that are written in pencil.
4) The substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized medicine.
5) Among those who are taking part in the work, he is probably the most active.
5. 兩個句子的主語一致時，其中一個往往可以改寫成分詞結構作狀語。
1) Every one of us had been convinced that the project was feasible by the time we left the meeting.
2) As Peter got home from the three-month-long journey to the Antarctic he looked tired out.
3) They went hunting for hours, but when they returned they were empty-handed.
4) When he entered the office he was still annoyed by the way she spoke to him.
5) Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking.
6) College students now are primarily interested in grades and economic success. They cheat on exams more frequently.
6. 兩個句子的主語相關但不一致時，其中一個句子往往可以改寫成分詞的獨立結構作狀語。
1) He sat in front of them. And his dusty face masked his age.
2) She heard a continual strange noise coming from the next room. Her heart beat fast.
3) The old beggar sat at the corner. Tears welled up in his eyes.
4) Jim continued on his way. The dog was jumping about in front of him.
5) The girl in the snapshot wore a broad smile. Her long hair flowed in the breeze.
7. 解釋性的語句往往可以改寫成同位語。
1) This is Mr. Black. He is director of our hospital.
2) “Leave it to me,” said Peter. Peter was the man on duty.
3) Qinghai Lake is the largest inland body of salt water in China. It lies 3195 meters above sea level.
4) The whole plan was completed within three months. That is half the usual time.
5) He read all kinds of books. They were ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.
6) He was formerly a worker himself. He is now an engineer.
7) She is a mother of three children. She has now entered a college again for further education.
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