(四) 倒裝句
英語的句子在以下幾種情況下可以倒裝。
1.否定詞位于句首時
1) I have never been to Europe.
2) He had hardly eaten anything before the dinner was over.
3) She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
4) Anne had arrived no sooner than she fell ill.
5) She cares little about what others say about her.
2.so, nor, neither等詞位于句首，表明前句說明的情況也適用于本句時
1) Richard can speak Japanese. His sister can speak Japanese, too.
2) Copper is a good conductor. Many other metals are good conductors, too.
3) Paul could not dance, and he could not sing either.
4) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. And the wife did not say a word of welcome either.
3.含有so...that結構的句子將so引導的部分位于句首時
1) He was so excited that he could not go to sleep.
2) He spoke so forcefully at the meeting that everyone present was convinced.
3) He worked so hard that he obtained his Ph. D. degree one year ahead of schedule.
4.only引出的狀語位于句首時
1) His father called his name only once.
2) The doctor realized only then that his patient needed surgery.
3) We can conclude the business only when you adjust down your price.
5.主語部分過長或上下文需要銜接時
1) The young father who wished to purchase a life insurance policy and agreed to pay a sum of $200 per year for 40 years was sitting in front of the counter.
2) The question of how to face the possibilities of illness, injury, death and financial loss is more
important.
3) The writing of a dictionary involves a number of tasks. The reading of literature, the copying
of words on cards, the sorting of the cards and the writing of definitions are among them.
(五) 被動句
英語中被動句的使用遠遠多于漢語。以下幾種情況英語都用被動語態：(1)不知道動作的執行者;(2)沒有必要指出或不想指出動作的執行者;(3)雖然需要同時指出動作的執行者但更強調動作的承受者。
將下列句子改為被動形式。
1) They saw Joe’s father return after dark.
2) They do not allow you to smoke in the laboratory.
3) We should take effective measures to stop various forms of pollution.
4) When she was in Shanghai we heard the actress say she had long thought of the city as her second home.
5) People saw the young man enter the building next to the bank.
6) After the minister of education had finished speaking at the press conference, people made him answer all sorts of questions.
7) I don’t think anyone can make Tom do what he dislikes.
8) I heard the wind roar through the trees.
9) What should one do in a case like this?
(六) 強調句
改寫下列句子，強調劃線部分。
1) Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
2) The author praises all that is progressive with genuine(真實的) feeling.
3) We could not cross the river because the water had risen.
4) Jim, a heartless fellow, was heard shouting at his mother in the dead of night(在深夜).
5) Mrs. Williams didn't know anything about it until I told her.
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