【炫詞/炫語/炫句研究】

　　1. to sit for examinations: 就相當于to take part in examinations

　　2. qualifying examination;資格考試;體育上的資格賽就叫 qualifying matches

　　3. graduate studies: “研究生學習”的美國說法; 英國的說法是postgraduate studies

　　4. Master’s program：碩士學位課程;“本科學位課程”是undergraduate program或Bachelor’s program; “博士學位課程”是 Ph.D. program 或 doctoral program;

　　5. to prepare for examinations: 備考

　　6. either through …or by …: 要么是通過…, 要么是憑借…

　　7. years of arduous self-education: 數年的艱苦自學; arduous：艱難卓絕的; self-education的另一個說法是self-study;

　　8. to spend large sums of money attending local training schools: spend time or money (on) doing something; 另外，在large sums of money這個表達方式中，雖然money是不可數的，但作為量詞的sum是可數的，要用復數，謂語動詞也相應要用復數。類似的例子有amount, 如large amounts of energy, 其用法與large sums of money相同。

　　9. examinations-related study materials：與考試相關的學習材料

　　10. the training programs offered, both online and offline, 網上和網下所提供的培訓項目;the training programs offered 就相當于the training programs (which are )offered;

　　11. a sizable industry: 一個規模可觀的產業;sizable：sufficiently big

　　12. an alarming fact about this craze is that…有關這股狂熱，一個令人震驚的事實是……

　　13. students pursue graduate studies not out of their voluntary will: 學生們不是出于其自主的意愿去尋求研究生學習的;pursue graduate studies是個不錯的表達方式;out of就相當于from; voluntary: 自愿的; will：意志，意愿;

　　14. faced with the harsh reality in the employment market: 面對著就業市場上嚴峻的現實;faced with 一般要用被動語態;harsh reality：嚴峻的現實;the employment market: 就業市場;

　　15. where employers forever look for graduates with higher degrees：where指in the employment market;graduates with higher degrees：擁有更高學位的畢業生

　　16. many college graduates find going to graduate schools is a good way to …: many college graduates find 后面省略掉了賓語從句的引導詞that;going to graduate schools 是現在分詞短語作主語;

　　17. avoid unemployment: avoid的用法有二，一是avoid something; 二是avoid doing something;

　　18. to enhance one’s competitiveness in future job hunting: 提升在未來求職過程中的競爭力;to enhance one’s competitiveness是個不錯的搭配;“競爭優勢”叫competitive edge(s); future是形容詞;job hunting是個固定搭配;

　　19. voluntary initiative：initiative 是積極性，主動性，進取心的意思;另外，“中東的和平倡議” 就叫the Middle East peace initiative;

　　20. most students who do enter graduate schools are not self-motivated: “do enter”是動詞的強調形式;not self-motivated： 缺乏自我動力;

　　21. the only thing that counts：就相當于 the only thing that matters; ultimately: 最終地

　　22. the degree or the diploma which they expect could give them an upper hand against other job seekers：那個他們希冀能夠使他們相對于其他求職者略勝一籌的學位或文憑;they expect是插入語，并非是定語從句中的主語與謂語;which才是定語從句中的主語，could give是定語從句中的謂語動詞;類似的例子如：This is a book which I hope would be useful to you. could 采用的是虛擬語氣，表示與實際并不相符;an upper hand: 優勢，上風; job seekers：求職者，就相當于job hunters;

　　23. as to the actual substance of their graduate studies, it’s not a big deal: as to就相當于as for, 表示“至于”. the actual substance: 實際的內容; substance即content; it’s not a big deal口語與書面語中都很常用，表示“并非大事一樁”;

　　24. as long as it leads to that degree or diploma：只要它能帶來那個學位或文憑即可;as long as是連詞，表示“只要”，引導一個條件狀語從句;

　　25. It is really pathetic to see that…: 看到… 真是令人心感悲哀;

　　26. students undertake graduate studies with an ulterior motive：undertake graduate studies就相當于pursue graduate studies; an ulterior motive: 固定詞組，表示“別有用心”的意思;

　　27. not for the sake of …, but for the sake of … : 不是為了…的緣故，而是為了…的緣故;

　　28. to land a job, which in many cases might be unrelated to what they have studied: to land a job表示“找到工作”; 在口語中, land當動詞用是，表示“贏得，得到，找到，撈到”，如to land a contract, to land a trophy, to land a nomination, to land a prize; in many cases: 在許多情形中;

　　29. the chill truth is that…: 令人心寒的事實真相是…

　　30. students soon find (that) their anticipations are a mere dream: 學生們很快發現，他們的期望只是一種幻想;find后面省略了引導詞“that”;

　　31. As so many undergraduates proceed onto graduate studies: as是連詞，表示“由于”、“隨著”，代表原因。undergraduate：本科生; proceed onto … 指停頓或打斷后繼續進行(做)某事; 如： After talking about Plan A, let’s proceed onto Plan B.

　　32. the employment situation remains as severe as ever: 就業形勢一如既往地依然嚴峻。employment situation是個固定詞組，值得一記; remain是聯系動詞，后接形容詞，表示“一直處于某種境地或狀態”;as severe as ever：與以往一樣的嚴峻;記住“as … as ever”的用法。

　　33. Instead of bringing about apparent competitive edges, two or three years of additional academic training is simply a waste of time and energy. 二至三年額外的學術訓練沒能給學生帶來顯著的競爭優勢，反而是白白地浪費了他們的時光與精力;現在分詞短語bringing about apparent competitive edges這個動作，是主句的主語two or three years of additional academic training所發出的。bringing about或bringing在此處都可以用，意思略微不同;bringing是“帶來”，bringing about是“造成，導致，產生”， competitive edges: 上面已講過，是“競爭優勢”的意思;在“two or three years of additional academic training is simply a waste of time and energy” 這個句子中，有人會問，two or three years of additional academic training作為一個充當主語的名詞短語，是以復數形式出現的，與“is a waste of time and energy”中單數的動詞“is”是否一致�；卮鹗�，“是一致的”。 雖然“two or three years of additional academic training”形式上是復數，但是，它是被動作一個整體來處理的，整個看作“一段時間”。 類似的例子如：Two years is a long time to wait. 此外，還有：Three miles is a long distance to walk. 等。a waste of time and energy是個不錯的短語。

　　34. to reflect on this craze: 單獨一個reflect當及物動詞使用時，是“反映，折射”的意思，如：This article fully reflects his ideas. 但作為不及物動詞，與介詞on結合使用時，表示“反思，思索”;

　　35. be better off doing something: 做某事要來的更愜意，(日子)過得更滋潤;如：As long as there are enough to eat and drink, I will be better off living in the countryside.

　　36. distinguishing themselves with outstanding knowledge and skills: 憑著出色的學識與能力使自己脫穎而出;to distinguish somebody with something 是個值得記住的詞組。

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