1)主語從句

　　It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.

　　It is well-known that…

　　It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…

　　It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that…

　　It is / that

　　2)賓(表)語從句

　　We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.

　　The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.

　　3)定語從句(限定性和非限定性)

　　As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,

　　There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.

　　It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.

　　4)狀語從句(時間，原因，地點，條件，讓步，轉折等)

　　When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.

　　Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.

　　5)分詞短語做定語或狀語

　　Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.

　　6)倒裝句

　　Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.

　　Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.

　　7)被動句

　　Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.

　　He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.

　　Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)

　　8)設問句

　　Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

　　9)比較

　　1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

　　2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

　　3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...

　　4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...

　　5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.

　　6.Like anything else, it has its faults.

　　7.A and B has several points in common.

　　8.A bears some resemblances to B.

　　9.However, the same is not applicable to B.

　　10. A and B differ in several ways.

　　11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.

　　12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.

　　13. The same is true of B.

　　14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.

　　15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...

　　10)原因

　　1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.

　　A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).

　　2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.

　　3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...

　　4. The factors that contribute to this

　　5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...

　　6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...

　　7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...

　　8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...

　　9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...

　　10. Perhaps the primary factor is that …

　　11. But the fundamental cause is that ...

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