21天搞定英語四六級閱讀理解 點(diǎn)擊加入

　　電視與暴力犯罪

　　television and violent cr ime

　　children are born ready to imitate adult behavior. that they can imitate an array of adult facial expressions have been demonstrated in newborns as young as a few hours old, before they are even old enough to know that they have facial features. it is a most useful instinct, for the developing child must learn and master a vast repertoire1 of behavior in short order.

　　but while children have instinctive desire to imitate, they do not possess an instinct for determining whether a behavior ought to be imitated. they will imitate anything, including behavior that most adults regard as destructive and antisocial2. it may give pause for thought, then, to learn that infants as young as fourteen months demonstrably observe and incorporate behavior seen on television.

　　the average american preschooler watches more than twenty-seven hours of television per week. this might not be bad if these young children understood what they were watching. but they don’t. up through ages three and four, most children are unable to distinguish fact from fantasy3 on tv, and remain unable to do so despite adult coaching. in the minds of young children, television is a source of entirely factual information regarding how the world works4 . there are no limits to their credulity. 5 to cite one example, an indiana school board had to issue an advisory to young children that, no, there is no such thing as teenage mutant ninja turtles6. children had been crawling down storm drains looking for them.

　　naturally, as children get older, they come to know better, but their earliest and deepest impressions are laid down at an age when they still see television as a factual source of information about the outside world. in that world, it seems, violence is common and the commission7 of violence is generally powerful, exciting, charismatic, and effective. in later life, serious violence is most likely to erupt at moments of severe stress — and it is precisely at such moments that adolescents and adults are most likely to revert to8 their earliest, most visceral sense of the role of violence in society and in personal behavior. much of this sense will have come from television.

　　閱讀自測

　　Ⅰ. fill in each blank with the proper form of the words given in the brackets :

　　1. she has an________ ( instinct) sympathy with the poor people.

　　2. these conclusions are ________ ( demonstrate ) wrong.

　　3. there is a slight________ ( face ) resemblance between the two men.

　　4. this man has coaxed millions of pounds from a________ ( credulity) public .

　　Ⅱ. are these statements true o r false according to the article :

　　1. babies know they have facial features just after they come to the world.

　　2. children can imitate everything because imitation is their instinct.

　　3. television is a source of entirely factual information regarding how the world works.

　　4. television plays an important role in giving rise to social violence .

　　參考答案

　　Ⅰ. 1. instinctive 2. demonstrably 3. facial 4. credulous

　　Ⅱ. 1. f 2. t 3 . f 4 . t

　　參考譯文

　　電視與暴力犯罪

　　孩 子生下來就會模仿成年人的行為。出生幾個小時的嬰兒就能夠模仿成年人的一些 面部表情, 那時他們太小, 還不知道自己長有一副容貌。模仿是孩子最有用的本能, 因?yàn)檎?在發(fā)育的孩子必須在短期內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)并掌握大量的行為技能。

　　盡管小孩子天生具有模仿別人的欲望, 但他們卻不具備判斷一種行為是否應(yīng)該模仿的 本能。孩子們會模仿一切行為, 其中包括被多數(shù)成年人視為破壞性和違背社會公德的行 為。因此, 當(dāng)我們認(rèn)識到只有14 個月大的嬰兒就能觀察并模仿電視里的行為的時候, 我們 是否應(yīng)該靜下心來, 好好反思一下。

　　普通美國學(xué)齡前兒童每周看電視的時間超過27 小時。如果孩子們知道他們在看什么 的話, 這也許并不是件壞事; 而問題是孩子們并不理解電視內(nèi)容。大多數(shù)三四歲左右大小 的孩子還不能很好地辨別電視里的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界與虛幻世界, 即使大人進(jìn)行教育引導(dǎo), 他們還是 辨別不清。在小孩子看來, 電視是世界如何運(yùn)行的最真實(shí)信息的來源。他們對電視里的 東西篤信不疑。舉例說, 印第安納州一所學(xué)校的董事會曾被迫發(fā)布公告, 告訴學(xué)校里的孩 子: 世界上沒有忍者神龜。學(xué)校之所以這樣做是因?yàn)橛性S多孩子為了尋找忍者神龜而爬入 下水道。

　　當(dāng)然, 隨著孩子慢慢長大, 他們對這個世界會有更深入的了解, 但在他們?nèi)詫㈦娨曇暈橛?關(guān)外面世界真實(shí)信息的來源的時候, 電視給他們留下了最早、最 深刻的印象。在電視中的世 界里, 暴力似乎平常無奇, 實(shí)施暴力通常是一種強(qiáng)有力的行為, 而且令人激動, 充滿魅力, 頗為 有效。孩子們長大成人后, 當(dāng)他們處于巨大壓力下的時候, 很有可能會爆發(fā)嚴(yán)重的暴力事件。 就是在這些時候, 青少年和成年人的心中很有可能又泛起他們最早對暴力在社會以及在個人 行為中所起的作用的真實(shí)感覺, 而這種感受主要來自于電視。

　　閱讀導(dǎo)評

　　電視已發(fā)展成為一個有蠻橫性格的巨人。電視中的暴力經(jīng)常被美化, 被描繪成有魅 力、解決爭端所必須的手段, 并且不受法律的約束。因此, 社會要對此給予足夠的重視, 家 長也要正確引導(dǎo)孩子, 而成長中的孩子更要訓(xùn)練自己的判斷能力, 學(xué)會識別一條優(yōu)秀的獵 犬和惡狗之間

　　閱讀導(dǎo)釋

　　1. repertoire n. ( 某個人的) 全部技能, 全部本領(lǐng), 如: the comedian’s repertoire of jokes becoming stale. ( 喜劇演員那些插科打諢的招兒變得陳腐乏味起來。) 本文中是指“ 嬰兒 要模仿的所有行為技能”。was

　　2. antisocial adj. 反社會的, 如: these homosexuals are termed antisocial. ( 這些同性戀者被稱為 違背社會公德。) anti-是前綴, 意為“ 反對, 抵抗”, 如: anti-abortion ( 反對墮胎的) ; antiscience ( 反科學(xué)) 。

　　3. distinguish . . .from . . . 把⋯⋯和⋯⋯區(qū)別開, 這里是指“ 將現(xiàn)實(shí)與虛幻區(qū)別開”。fantasy n. 空想, 幻想。

　　4. 電視是有關(guān)世界如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的最真實(shí)信息的來源。regarding prep. 關(guān)于, 至于。意思與其相 近的短語有with regard to, as regards ( 注意: to 為介詞, 不是不定式符號; as regards 中的s 不可省) , 如:with regard to studying english, you should read extensively and speak more. ( 至于學(xué)英語, 你應(yīng)該多說多讀。) the new sofa is correctly placed as regards size and color. ( 考慮到大小和顏色, 新沙發(fā)被放在了一個適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?

　　5. 他們對電視里的東西篤信不疑。there are no limits to = without limit 無 限制地。credulity n. 輕信, 易信, 其形容詞形式是credulous ( 輕信的) 。

　　6. 忍者神龜( 連環(huán)漫畫, 誕生于1984 年, 四個憨態(tài)可掬的忍者龜廣受青少年的喜愛, 現(xiàn)已被 多次拍成電影, 做成游戲) 。teenage a. 十幾歲的; mutant a. 變異的; ninja n. ( 受過偷竊技 術(shù)專門訓(xùn)練被雇作間諜或刺客的) 日本武士, 忍者; turtle n. 龜。

　　7. commission n. 實(shí)施, 犯罪。其動詞形式是commit, 如: commit a crime ( 犯罪) 。

　　8. 恢復(fù)( 原先的做法或習(xí)慣) , 如: he reverted to smoking when under stress. ( 因受到壓力, 他 又開始吸煙。)

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