Passage Three

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them;often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.

　　Of course sometimes there were real disasters(災難) which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes.Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore.At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries;however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.

　　Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U. S., for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell.A third department looks at the places where people work，and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course，new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness，but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.

　　51.The main topic of the passage is _________.

　　A. conditions in the work place B. the freedom of industries in the past

　　C. changes in industrial production D. the safety and health of workers and

　　customers

　　52. It can be inferred from the passage that in the past _________.

　　A. workers often got ill because of the poor working conditions

　　B. companies were free to put out any products they wanted to

　　C. many people were killed by dangerous products

　　D. industries were as careful in management as they are today

　　53. It is implied in the passage that _________.

　　A. governments and companies had different opinions about the safety of products

　　B. governments paid little attention to the safety of products

　　C. government officials often did not listen to scientists

　　D. in the past no safety laws were introduced by governments

　　54. Some years ago safety rules _________.

　　A. were put forward due to scientists’ recommendations

　　B. came into being as a result of the workers’ demands

　　C. were introduced because quite a number of people were killed or seriously

　　injured

　　D. were effective enough to protect workers and customers

　　55. The special departments protect customers and workers in many ways EXCEPT

　　by _________.

　　A. testing new products B. controlling the sale of products

　　C. designing new products D. inspecting work places

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