三、大眾媒體

　　The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a(an)__1__for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it__2__ a variety of functions in human life.

　　The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the__3__ of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.__4__ by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly__5__ themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the__6__ of violence in the media and its__7__harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media __8__, such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media,__9__television,__10__public concern and research attention.

　　Another large societal concern on our young generation__11__by the media, is body image.__12__forces can influence body image positively or negatively.__13__one, societal and cultural norms and mass media marketing__14__our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of__15__beauty fill magazines and newspapers,__16__from our televisions and entertain us__17__the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media__18__on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a__19__defined standard of attractiveness, a(n)__20__that carries unrealistic physical expectations.

　　1. [A] alternative [B] preference [C] substitute [D] representative

　　2. [A] accomplishes[B] fulfills [C] provides [D] suffices

　　3. [A] risk [B] mercy [C] height [D] expense

　　4. [A] Absorbed [B] Attracted [C] Aroused [D] Addicted

　　5. [A] identify [B] recognize [C] unify [D] equate

　　6. [A] abundance [B] incidence [C] prevalence [D] reccurrence

　　7. [A] disposed [B] hidden [C] implicit [D] potential

　　8. [A] merged [B] emerged [C] immerged [D] submerged

　　9. [A] apart from [B] much as [C] but for [D] along with

　　10. [A] promote [B] propel [C] prompt [D] prosper

　　11. [A] inspired [B] imposed [C] delivered [D] contributed

　　12. [A] External [B] Exterior [C] Explicit [D] Exposed

　　13. [A] As [B] At [C] For [D] In

　　14. [A] mark [B] effect [C] impact [D] shock

　　15. [A] generalized [B] regularized [C] standardized[D] categorized

　　16. [A] boom [B] bottom [C] brim [D] beam

　　17. [A] over [B] with [C] on [D] at

　　18. [A] play [B] take [C] profit [D] resort

　　19. [A] barely [B] carefully [C] narrowly [D] subjectively

　　20. [A] ideal [B] image [C] stereotype [D] criterion

　　答案

　　1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9.D 10. C

　　11. B 12.A 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19.C 20.A

　　總體分析

　　本文主要論述了大眾媒介對青少年產生的影響。第一段指出，大眾媒介可以替代社會機構和社會交往在年輕人的生活中起著各種各樣的作用。第二段指出，由于青少年模仿他們在電視中看到的乃至將其與現實相混淆，人們一直擔憂媒介對他們可能產生危害。第三段媒介對美的狹隘界定對青少年的不良影響。

　　全文翻譯

　　大眾媒體是我們文化的重要組成部分，但是它也可以成為年輕一代的助手、建議者和教師。大眾媒介作為許多機構和社會交往的替代品影響著年輕人的生活。通過這種方式，它在人們生活中起到了各種各樣的作用。

　　在電視屏幕前耗費的時間常常是以休閑為代價的，即有更少的時間用于游戲、娛樂和休息。由于被電視屏幕上的東西吸引，孩子們不僅模仿他們看到的，而且還直接將自己視為電視中的各種不同的人物。美國人對媒體中暴力的普及及其對孩子和青少年的潛在危害的擔憂至少已經有四十年了。在這段時期里，新的媒體，如：電視游戲、有線電視、音樂錄像帶以及網絡出現了。由于這些媒體繼續受到歡迎，它們連同電視一起引起了公眾的擔憂和研究的注意。

　　媒體使年輕一代受到社會另一大關注的方面是身體形象問題。外部力量能對身體形象產生正面和負面的影響。舉例來說，社會文化標準和大眾媒介的營銷沖擊著我們關于美的觀念。在大眾媒介中，標準美女的形象充斥著報刊雜志，從電視中播放出來，在電影中娛樂著我們。甚至大眾媒介還在廣告中利用公認的瘦和健康的文化價值來贏得商業利潤。青少年被給予的是狹隘界定的吸引力的標準，它是一種包含著對外形的不切實際的期望的完美標準。