2004 Part A Text 2

6. This,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

【譯文】 對于尚未意識到其不利之處的人來說，它指的是對那些姓氏起頭字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。

【析句】 句子的主干是this refers to discrimination。for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage是一個作狀語的介詞短語，unaware of such a disadvantage作those的定語。全句的賓語是discrimination+介詞短語（against those），whose surnames…the alphabet是修飾those的定語從句。

【講詞】 refer作不及物動詞意思是“參考，查詢”。For further information,please refer to our website.（如需了解詳情，請瀏覽我們的網站。）另一個常用的意思表示“提及，談及”。He was referring to his experiences in Tibet.（他正談及他在西藏的經歷。）

discriminate（或discrimination）表示歧視常跟介詞against。注意discriminate（或discrimination）的基本意思是“區別對待”，有時表示to be able to tell the difference(s)。You must in your writing discriminate between facts and opi�瞡ions.或You must in your writing discriminate facts from opinions.（你在寫作時應該分清事實和觀點。）

7. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.

【譯文】 人們早已知道在客戶翻閱電話簿時，名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有更大的優勢。

【析句】 It has long been known that…是一個固定句式，意思是“人們早就知道……”。其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that從句。而從句本身又是一個復合句，主句是a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars，其中分詞結構called AAAA cars 是后置定語，修飾firm。句末的when 引導一個時間狀語從句。

【講詞】 advantage表示“優勢，有利條件”，例如：It is to your advantage to invest wisely.（明智地投資對你很有利。）A better education gave us the advantage.（良好的教育使我們處于有利地位。）如果用于比較，advantage后面跟over。

thumb（拇指），在句中意為“用拇指翻書”。實際上，表示人體主要器官的英文單詞都可以作動詞，如head,eye,nose,hand,arm,foot等。如to arm oneself意為“把自己武裝起來”。