十、判斷原則

Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace ---all that re engineering and downsizing ---- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.

Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish ----“the worst sort of ambulance cashing.”

30. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?

[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.

[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.

[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.

[D] The consultants are a bunch of good for nothings.

While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression." Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee." Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡ had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."

31.Which of the following is true according to the author?
［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder
［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.
［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.
［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.

十一、因果關系原則

    考生在處理因果關系時，應努力尋找出原因和結果部分的內容，常見的引導詞有since, as , because, because of, thanks to, owing to, due to, therefore, thus, as a result, therefore, thus, consequently等。然后再仔細回答所提出的問題。

NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo' s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

32．NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because __   

[A]embryo research is just a current development of cloning

[B]the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research

[C]an embryo' s life will not be endangered in embryo research

[D]the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law

SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking (黑客的) tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made the program publicly available, amid much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle (闖入……行竊).

33. Fanner's program has been criticized by the public because          .

A) it causes damage to Net browsers            

B) it can break into Internet sites

C) it can be used to cause disorder on all sites     

D) it can be used by people with evil intent

十二、褒貶原則

   有時在理解句子時，只要確定是“褒”還是“貶”，是“能夠”還是“不能夠”，是正方向還是反方向，題目就相對容易的多。這是閱讀理解中的最重要的原則之一。

  In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they're nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.

34.The author says that the powerful computers of today ______.

 A) are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object

 B) are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior

 C) are not very different in their performance from those of the 50's

 D) still cannot communicate with people in a human language

What has happened is that people can't confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar.

35. Some people don’t openly admit they have ambition because ____ .

A) they think of it as immoral     

B) their pursuits are not fame or wealth

C) ambition is not closely related to material benefits

D) they don’t want to appear greedy and contemptible  

閱讀理解總結：

1．正確答案特征：經常與中心有關，位于文章的段首，段尾，轉折處；經常用同義詞替換；含有不確定詞語和委婉表達的用詞，具有概括性、深刻性，不能只見樹木不見森林。

2．錯誤答案：正反顛倒，無中生有，過分絕對，夸大范圍，常識性錯誤。

3．做題要求：理解文章的行文思路，快速分清主次內容，分清文章中的觀點和事實細節，重點抓住連詞、副詞，例子和引用的地方，及長難句。