1996年Passage 5

　　Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher's pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent , unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. "Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are evil, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfunda mentalist religious leaders have come to regard "scientific" creationism as bad science and bad religion.

　　The first four chapters of Kitcher's book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.

　　Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

　　67. "Creationism" in the passage refers to__

　　[A] evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe

　　[B] a notion of the creation of religion

　　[C] the scientific explanation of the earth formation

　　[D] the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe

　　[答案] D

　　[解題思路]

　　文章第一段第三句話指出creationism的目的"The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life"( 所有這些書的都是試圖告訴那些疑慮重重、且常常愚昧無知的廣大老百姓：關于宇宙和生命的起源與進化，不可能存在兩種同時有效成立的科學理論)，說明這是一種關于"the origin and evolution of universe and life"的理論。而文章最后一段最后一句話指出這種理論是"bad science and bad religion"，第二段倒數第二句還指出這種理論具有"deception and distortion"，可見作者對其持負面態(tài)度，因此D為正確選項。A和C的說法都與原文相反，B選項對該理論的解釋有誤，該理論并不是關于宗教起源。

　　[題目譯文]

　　文中的"創(chuàng)世紀論"指的是 。

　　[A] 關于宇宙起源的真正的進化論

　　[B] 關于宗教創(chuàng)立的思想

　　[C] 地球形成的科學解釋

　　[D] 關于宇宙起源的欺騙性學說