二、提綱作文

　　所謂提綱作文是一種限制性命題作文，也就是已給出文章標題及各段所需表達的中心思想，它為考生提供了一個指導性的框架。考生應仔細分析提綱，弄清楚短文的段落層次。

　　提綱中隱含了各段的主題，考生應通過概括提綱得出主題句，這樣就把提綱作文轉化成了段首句作文。但在概括的過程中應注意不要逐字逐句翻譯提綱內容。一般情況下，提綱作文有三點提示，所以考生可以按照三段式作文將簡單的提綱擴展為主題句，再按照主題句作文的寫作方法將文章完成。

　　提綱作文的寫作步驟：

　　1. 仔細閱讀并分析短文的標題及提綱，領會文章的主題思想，看清提綱要點，避免遺漏。

　　2. 根據以上對提綱的分析，寫出各段主題句。主題句要做到言簡意賅，并能體現出關鍵詞的統領作用。

　　3. 確定各段內容，然后擴句成段，組段成篇。段落寫作應圍繞自己列好的主題句進行，在寫作過程中可稍加調整。

　　4. 檢查考題中所給提綱是否被完整、準確地表達于文章之中。如有偏差，應作修改。

　　【經典范文】

　　Directions：

　　Write an article on “Changes on State�瞣wned Houses and Private Houses of China”. In your article you should write about

　　1)the present situation

　　2)the possible causes

　　3)its impact

　　You should write 160~200 words.

　　Ownership of Houses in Beijing

　　Ownership of houses in Beijing has significantly changed in recent years. In 1990, 75 percent of the houses were state�瞣wned. But in 1995, the ratio of state�瞣wned houses to private ones was 60 to 40. And the ownership changed dramatically since 1995 and by the end of the century, 80 percent of houses were private.

　　There might have been two main reasons. One of the reasons was the policy of the government. In the 1990s, China carried on with its reform policy and the government called for privatization of the state�瞣wned estate. But it took time for the reform to come into effect. But from 1995 on when people have recognized its significance, the reformation took bigger steps. Another reason was that the people were getting better off and they could afford buying their own houses.

　　Such changes have had great impact on individuals as well as the society. On one hand, the individuals must save money to buy an apartment or to pay the mortgage. On the other hand, a heaven burden has been taken off the government so that it can take more effective measures to improve people�餾 life.

　　【練習】

　　Directions:

　　Title: Campus Activities

　　Outline: 1) various kinds of activities

　　2) advantages of the activities

　　3) its benefits

　　You should write 160~200 words.

　　【答案】

　　Campus Activities

　　Campus activities have been organized in many universities and colleges. These activities range from academic to recreational, such as academic reports, social consulting services, speech contests, poet�餾 club, painting clubs, singing and dancing groups, etc.

　　These activities provide students with two major advantages. First of all, they play a positive role in improving students�餾tudies. Due to their heavy schedules, students are often busy with textbooks and seldom expose themselves to a colorful life. But the variety of the activities provides opportunities for them to relax themselves and enrich their minds and knowledge. In addition, the activities also serve students living in the“ivory tower”have little chance to get in touch with society. Now the activities open the door for participants to leave their classrooms and get to know society.

　　All this offers an important means for students to broaden their horizons. They believe with the right kind of guidance and help campus activities will continue to grow and flourish.