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　　When the cure is not worth the cost

　　Thanks to research by the National Institutes of Health and academic scientists during the last three decades, we now have proven treatments for depression, addiction and other mental disorders. But all too often clinicians do not use them.

　　Without financial incentives to provide treatments that are known to work, many mental health professionals stick with what they know, or pick up on the latest fad, or even introduce their own untested innovations-which in turn are spread by testimonials and credulous news media coverage.

　　Take the well-known approach featured on the cable TV reality show "Intervention" aimed at getting addicts and alcoholics into treatment. Here, the family and sometimes the employer gather with a counselor, confront the addict and threaten to shun him or fire him if he doesn't enter a rehabilitation center. A 1999 study compared this style of intervention -which can backfire and lead to broken families-to a less confrontational approach known as "community reinforcement and family training," which is aimed at helping the family nurture the addict's own motivation.

　　More than twice as many families succeeded in getting their loved ones into treatment (64 percent) with the gentler approach than with standard intervention (30 percent). But no reality shows push the less dramatic method, and it is difficult to find clinicians who use it.

　　Similarly, one of the most common approaches to alcoholism treatment involves having counselors and fellow alcoholics confront patients and force them to identify themselves as alcoholics. But research finds that the more a counselor confronts, the more a patient drinks and the more likely he is to drop out of treatment. And no association between accepting the label "alcoholic" and quitting drinking has been found. Counselor empathy-not confrontation-is connected with recovery.

　　According to a review by the Institute of Medicine in 2006, only 10.5 percent of alcoholics received "care consistent with scientific knowledge" of the disorder; similarly, 43 percent of children in psychiatric hospitals are given antipsychotic medication despite not suffering from psychosis. Tough boot camps for troubled teenagers-which have been proven to be ineffective and potentially harmful-thrive, while "multisystemic family therapy," which effectively treats teenagers at home, is available only through the juvenile justice system.

　　If we want to provide genuine help for the 33 million Americans with mental health and drug problems, giving more no-strings-attached money to providers via insurance mandates is not the answer. It is dangerous to blindly bolster useless and even harmful treatments while failing to support proven therapies. Coverage must be tied to outcomes and evidence. And payment should be dependent, at least in part, on health improvements, not just services received. We need parity in evidence-based treatment, not just in coverage.

　　考研詞匯：

　　depression[diˈpreʃən]

　　n.①沮喪，消沉;②(經濟)蕭條，不景氣

　　[真題例句] Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression (①) controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.[2003年閱讀4]

　　[例句精譯] 髖骨不行了可以更換，臨床憂郁癥得到了控制，白內障僅用30分鐘手術便可以切除。

　　[真題例句] Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression (②) years.[1998年閱讀4]

　　[例句精譯] 即使如此，人口總數也只增加了11.4%，除了大蕭條時期，這是美國年度記錄最低的增長率。