形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)

　　1.形容詞的句法功能

　　形容詞在句中做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)�？忌鷳�(yīng)注意：

　　(1)以 “a” 開(kāi)頭的形容詞如alone, alike, asleep, awake等不能做前置定語(yǔ)，可做表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)。

　　(2)某些以副詞詞綴 “-ly” 結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，如friendly, leisurely, lovely等。

　　(3)下列動(dòng)詞既是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又是系動(dòng)詞，注意用做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要求形容詞做表語(yǔ)：remain, keep, become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。如：

　　All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics.

　　2.副詞主要測(cè)試其修飾作用

　　考生應(yīng)了解：副詞可修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、整個(gè)句子。如：

　　This pair of shoes isn’t good, but that pair is hardly better.

　　(與前半句的否定意義吻合)

　　It’s essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy.

　　Andrew, my father’s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, much to the family’s disappointment.

　　Most of us are of the opinion that this set of training program is among the most wisely devised ones we have seen so far.

　　3.考比較級(jí)時(shí)，考生應(yīng)把握

　　(1)形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的形式是否和比較連詞對(duì)應(yīng)出現(xiàn)，即是否符合原級(jí)比較及比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

　　Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good as, or better than an actual performance.

　　On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.

　　(2)比較的成分是否屬于同類(lèi)事物或同類(lèi)概念。如：

　　The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half that of last year’s.

　　Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.

　　(3)比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rather，還有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞等，他們的位置是：修飾語(yǔ)+as…as…, 或修飾語(yǔ)+more…than…。如：

　　Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.

　　“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?” “No, I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.”

　　(4)下列詞和短語(yǔ)不用比較級(jí)形式卻表示比較概念：

　　inferior，minor，senior，prior，prefer to，superior，major，junior，prefer�瞐ble，differ from，compared with，in comparison with，different from，rather than。如：

　　Their watch is superior to all the other watches on the market.

　　4.最高級(jí)形式應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題

　　(1)最高級(jí)比較范圍用介詞in, over, of, among。

　　in, (all)over用于在某一范圍內(nèi)的比較，如：in China, all over the world; of, among 用于在同一群體內(nèi)同類(lèi)事物的比較，如：among the teachers, of the four dresses。

　　注意：among…相當(dāng)于one of…，不說(shuō)among all…。這一點(diǎn)考生應(yīng)與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。如：

　　Of all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.

　　(2)比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)意義時(shí)，比較對(duì)象的范圍應(yīng)用：

　　any other +單數(shù)名詞

　　the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞

　　the others

　　anyone/anything else

　　上述詞是用來(lái)將比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成最高級(jí)意義的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，切不可遺漏，否則會(huì)造成邏輯混亂的錯(cuò)誤。如不能說(shuō)：John runs faster than anyone.注意與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)的不同。

　　5.有關(guān)比較級(jí)的特殊句型

　　(1)not so much…as…與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……

　　The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.

　　(2)no/not any more…than…兩者一樣都不……The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.

　　There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.

　　(3)no /not any less…than…兩者一樣都……She is no less beautiful than her sister.

　　(4)just as…so….正如……，……也……(用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so is the atmosphere.