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2015考研英語長難句每周一解(五)

　　從考生近期在考研英語方面的提問來看，長難句仍然是考生本階段復習的難點所在，大多數考生的問題都已不是單純的某種從句，而是名詞詞組較多、語法結構較復雜的句式，老師在本文中就一些有代表性的問題給出詳細解析，幫助考生更好地理解句意、掌握長難句。

　　1、 請詳細解釋：This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

　　解析：這個句子體現了典型的英文文章寫作手法——動詞名詞化，顯得比較客觀和正式。這個句子整個框架是主系表結構，其中a justification和a rationalization是并列的兩個表語，for neglect of those in need作a justification的后置定語，of exploitation和of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom都是a rationalization的后置定語。由于中文習慣用動詞，所以在翻譯時要把名詞化動詞還原，例如“a justification”要還原成“justify，為……做辯護”。整句話的句意是：這似乎是為忽視貧困者的行為做辯護，為剝削、為上層人的優越和底層人的卑微找理由。

　　2、 請分析并翻譯：Most senior executives are familiar with formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.

　　解析：這個句子句式復雜，先要理清句子基本骨架——and連接的兩個并列句。第一個句子是Most senior executives are familiar with formal decision analysis models and tools;第二個句子是those are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods。“who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions”是定語從句，修飾those; “which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action”是修飾solutions的定語從句。整句話的句意是：大部分高層管理人員熟知正規的決策分析模式和工具,那些使用這些正式的系統化方法做出決定的人會對一種情況保持警惕,那就是有時此方法得出的結論和他們對正確行為的感覺不符。

　　3、 切分句子切不明白：Anyone considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory , so that they should be more in turn with the changing times, and anyone who does not quail(害怕)at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship ,observing Borromini.

　　解析：句子主句是Anyone and anyone will find spiritual kinship，第一個anyone是considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art的邏輯主語，which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory是those forms of older art的定語從句，so that they should be more in turn with the changing times仍然說的是those forms of old art，定語從句who does not quail(害怕)at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function修飾第二個anyone。

　　以上三個句子分別代表了三種類型的考研英語長難句：第一種是名詞化詞組拉長句子;第二種是并列句的基礎上套用從句;第三種是核心詞修飾成分過長導致句子主干不好辨認。這些都是英語寫作中作者顯示自己寫作水平常用的手法，建議考生在閱讀文章時多留心、多分析，熟練之后加快速度，從而提高閱讀理解做題效率。

　　2015年考研英語翻譯：長難句每周一解

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