考研英語之所以難是由于文章中到處都充斥著長難句,也就是句子不僅長而且結構復雜。而讀懂這些長難句是我們解題的關鍵之所在。要想讀懂,我們得學會去拆分,去識別出句子所包含的重要語法現象,其中關于倒裝結構是經常作為考查點而出現的。那么,接下來,由老師重點梳理下相關知識點。
所謂的倒裝,是指句子并未按照正常的主謂結構去呈現語序,而是出于語法需要或平衡結構的需要,將謂語或謂語中的一部分移到主語之前。如果是將謂語全部移到主語之前,則為完全倒裝;如果是謂語中的一部分前置,則為部分倒裝。
一、介詞短語作狀語位于句首,謂語動詞是不及物動詞時,句子要完全倒裝。
例:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
二、here, there,now, then開頭的句子,句中的謂語動詞為不及物動詞時,句子要發生完全倒裝。
例:Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!
三、表否定的副詞或短語位于句首,句子要發生部分倒裝。
常見否定副詞:not , not only , few, barely, never , little , seldom , hardly, scarcely, ...
常見表否定的短語:in no way, by no means, at no time, under no circumstance...
例:Little do they know about him.
Seldom does she come back on Sundays.
注:not only ... but also ... 引導兩個并列句,前倒后不倒。
例:Not only does she do well in her lessons, but also she often helps others with their lessons.
四、Only+狀語(從句)位于句首時,主句要部分倒裝。
例:Only then did I realize the importance of English.
五、so…that結構中的倒裝。
如果要強調so 所修飾的形容詞或副詞,常將so及它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時,主句要發生部分倒裝。
例:倒裝前:She runs so fast that she is far ahead of others.
倒裝后:So fast does she run that she is far ahead of others.
六、 if 引導的虛擬條件句中,如有 were ( had , should ) , if 則可省去,,把were,had,should提到主語前面,發生部分倒裝。
例:倒裝前If we had come yesterday, we would have seen him.
倒裝后Had we come yesterday, we would have seen him.
七、as 引導的讓步狀語從句,要發生部分倒裝。
1. 副詞置于句首。
例:Much as she like it (=Although she like it very much), I will not buy it.
2. 動詞置于句首。
例:Wait as we may (= Although we may wait), he will not see us.
3. 形容詞或名詞置于句首。
例:Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注:當名詞前有形容詞修飾時,as引導的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。
例:A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
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