A

　　a

　　［誤］ I think it is an useful English dictionary.

　　［正］ I think it is a useful English dictionary.

　　［析］ 在不定冠詞a與an的用法中要注意的一點(diǎn)是：an用在以元音開(kāi)頭的詞之前；而a則用在以輔音開(kāi)頭的詞之前。要特別注意的是以u(píng)字母打頭的單詞，如useful,university等，其第一個(gè)音標(biāo)是［j］，所以要特別予以注意。

　　［誤］ I need a hour to finish this letter.

　　［正］ I need an hour to finish this letter.

　　［析］ 要注意hour和honest的第一個(gè)字母不發(fā)音。

　　［誤］ My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.

　　［正］ My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.

　　［析］ 要注意以u(píng)打頭的單詞，它的發(fā)音為［�荆輹r(shí)，單數(shù)名詞前要用an，如uncle等。

　　［誤］ There is a "f" in the word "football".

　　［正］ There is an "f" in the word "football".

　　［析］ 英文字母單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，如其第一個(gè)發(fā)音是元音時(shí)，其前面的不定冠詞應(yīng)該用an而不是a.

　　［誤］ I have a little brother. He is a 8�瞴ear�瞣ld boy.

　　［正］ I have a little brother. He is an 8�瞴ear�瞣ld boy.

　　［析］ 要注意這些字母的第一個(gè)發(fā)音為元音，如eight, eleven等。　　

　　able

　　［誤］ This bike is able to be repaired.

　　［正］ This bike can be repaired.

　　［析］ be able to 主要表達(dá)某事或某人具有某種能力去作某事，應(yīng)譯為"有本領(lǐng)"、"有能力"、"可以"作某事，如：I‘m able to swim across this river. 而can可以用來(lái)表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如：This radio can be repaired here.��

　　about

　　［誤］ This class is about to begin just now.

　　［正］ This class is about to begin.

　　［析］ 要注意be about to 是"將要"的意思，含有將來(lái)時(shí)之意，不要與表示過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。另外，be about to 一般用作書(shū)面語(yǔ)，對(duì)應(yīng)的口語(yǔ)是be going to.

　　about on

　　about與on都可以作"關(guān)于"講，但卻有所不同，例如：This book is about physics. 應(yīng)譯為"這是一本關(guān)于物理學(xué)的科普讀物。"而：This book is on physics.則應(yīng)譯為"這是一本物理學(xué)方面的專(zhuān)著。"

　　above

　　［誤］ The temperature is five degrees over zero.

　　［正］ The temperature is five degrees above zero.

　　［析］ 表達(dá)"在……上方"時(shí)，above與over是可以互換的，如：The sky is above(or over)our heads. 但是要表達(dá)在垂直方向上的上方時(shí)則應(yīng)用above不可用over，如：The sun has risen above the horizon.

　　［誤］ There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.

　　［正］ There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.

　　［析］ 當(dāng)表達(dá)覆蓋之意時(shí)，只可用over而不能用above.

　　［誤］ There is a bridge above the river.

　　［正］ There is a bridge over the river.

　　［析］ 用來(lái)表達(dá)"從……上方越過(guò)"時(shí)不能用above只能用over，如：The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 則應(yīng)譯為"在橋的上游有一個(gè)瀑布。"

　　across

　　［誤］ He ran across the wood.

　　［正］ He ran through the wood.

　　［析］ across是指某一動(dòng)作在一平面內(nèi)進(jìn)行，而through則是指該動(dòng)作在一三維立體空間的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程。如：The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.

　　across

　　across的主要用法有兩個(gè)。其一，意為"對(duì)面"，如：There is a school just across the street. 其二，意為"橫過(guò)"，如：He walked across the street.

　　afraid

　　［誤］ I dont‘t afraid of him.

　　［正］ I am not afraid of him.

　　［析］ 要注意"害怕"afraid一詞在英語(yǔ)中不是動(dòng)詞，而是形容詞，要與be動(dòng)詞連用。

　　after

　　［誤］ Two weeks after he left.

　　［正］ Two weeks later he left.

　　［正］ He left after two weeks.

　　［析］ 要表達(dá)"在多少時(shí)間之后"，英語(yǔ)中有兩種表達(dá)法，即：用later時(shí)，要時(shí)間在前，如three hours later; 而用after時(shí)要時(shí)間在后，如after three hours.

　　［誤］ My father will be back after a few hours.

　　［正］ My father will be back in a few hours.

　　［析］ 受中文的影響，這個(gè)介詞常常被誤用。當(dāng)你要表達(dá)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)某個(gè)動(dòng)作可以完成時(shí)，一定要用in，而不能用after，因?yàn)閍fter是指在某一時(shí)間之后。例如：This work will be done in two days. 即表明在兩天內(nèi)這一工作一定會(huì)做完。而如用了after，即表示在兩天之后，完成的時(shí)間是不確定的。

　　after behind

　　after多用于表示順序的前后，如：She walked in the line after Tom. 或用來(lái)表示"追趕"，表示一種動(dòng)態(tài)，如：He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于強(qiáng)調(diào)先進(jìn)與落后，如：She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表達(dá)"遲于"，如：The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者與表示靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用，如：She hid herself behind the flowers.

　　afternoon

　　［誤］ He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.

　　［正］ He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.

　　［析］ 習(xí)慣用的詞組in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修飾詞后其前面的介詞in都要改為on，不論其修飾詞在前還是在后，如：He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如：Are you free on Sunday afternoon?

　　against

　　［誤］ He against me.

　　［正］ He is against me.

　　［析］ 要注意against意為"反對(duì)"，但它在英文中卻不是動(dòng)詞，而是介詞，如要講反對(duì)某事或某人時(shí)則要加動(dòng)詞be, 如：He is against somebody/something.

　　against for

　　against意為"反對(duì)"、"不贊成"；而for則意為"同意"，為其反意詞。如：Are you for or �お゛gainst�� the plan?

　　age

　　［誤］ He is twenty years old of age.

　　［正］ He is twenty.

　　［正］ He is twenty years old.

　　［正］ He is at the age of twenty.

　　ago

　　［誤］ Tom‘s father has been dead five years ago.

　　［正］ Tom‘s father died five years ago.

　　［析］ ago意為由說(shuō)話時(shí)算起，若干時(shí)間以前。它只能和一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)連用，而不要與完成時(shí)連用。

　　［誤］ Yesterday I met a friend. We didn‘t see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.

　　［正］ Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn‘t seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.

　　［析］ 要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的從句之中，只是從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，但不影響主句的時(shí)態(tài)。

　　agree

　　［誤］ Does the teacher agree to us?

　　［正］ Does the teacher agree with us?

　　［誤］ Does he agree with our plan?

　　［正］ Does he agree with us?

　　［析］ agree with 指"同意某人的提議、建議、計(jì)劃"等。如果要講同意某項(xiàng)計(jì)劃則要用agree to, 如：Do you agree to the plan?

　　all

　　［誤］ The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.

　　［正］ The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.

　　［析］ all是指三者或以上的全部，而both則是指"兩者都"。

　　［誤］ The all children are playing football now.

　　［正］ All the children are playing football now.

　　［析］ all作修飾詞時(shí)其位置要在所有的修飾詞之前，不論這些修飾詞是定冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞或名詞，或代詞的所有格。

　　［誤］ You all are right.

　　［正］ You are all right.

　　［析］ all作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)其位置要置于be動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，如：The teachers all work hard. 或用于第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.

　　almost

　　［誤］ Nearly nobody thinks he is right.

　　［正］ Almost nobody thinks he is right.

　　［析］ nearly與almost是近意詞，其含意差別不大，但是與否定詞連用時(shí)要用almost, 例如：She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的almost不能用nearly替換。

　　alone

　　［誤］ The old man lived lone but he didn‘t feel lonely.

　　［正］ The old man lived alone, but he didn‘t feel lonely.

　　［析］ alone, lone, lonely 三個(gè)詞全具有"孤單、孤獨(dú)"之意。但其用法不同：lone可以作定語(yǔ)，而alone則只能作表語(yǔ)，lonely則多指感情上與感覺(jué)上的孤獨(dú)。

　　already

　　［誤］ We are already for the work.

　　［正］ We are all ready for the work.

　　［析］ already 是副詞，其意為"已經(jīng)"，如：He already knew about it. 而all ready為形容詞意為"準(zhǔn)備好"。

　　already yet

　　already多用于肯定句中，例如：The students have already finished the work. 而yet則多用于疑問(wèn)句與否定句中，如：Have you finished it yet? I haven‘t finished it yet.

　　also

　　［誤］ I didn‘t find the dictionary also.

　　［正］ I didn‘t find the dictionary either.

　　［析］ 作為"也"講，在否定句中要用either而不能用also.

　　also too

　　also與too都可用在肯定句中表示"也"，但also通常用于be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，如：I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。I‘ll attend his class, too.

　　always

　　［誤］ Always he asked himself why he had come here.

　　［正］ He always asked himself why he had come here.

　　［析］ always一般不能用于句首，它在一般句中的位置是于動(dòng)詞之前第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：I‘ve always thought he is honest. 又如：He is always late.

　　among

　　［誤］ If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive?

　　［正］ If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?

　　［析］ among常用于三個(gè)事物或人物之間，而between則多用于兩者之間。

　　an

　　［誤］ This is an useful dictionary.

　　［正］ This is a useful dictionary.

　　［析］ 詳見(jiàn)a條。

　　and

　　［誤］ He did not speak loudly and clearly.

　　［正］ He did not speak loudly nor clearly.

　　［誤］ Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.

　　［正］ Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.

　　［析］ "和"這一概念在肯定句中應(yīng)用and，但在否定句中則要用or

　　angry

　　［誤］ My mother was angry to me.

　　［正］ My mother was angry with me.

　　［誤］ He was angry with what I said.

　　［正］ He was angry at what I said.

　　［析］ 要注意be angry后面如果接人，表示"對(duì)某人生氣不滿"時(shí)應(yīng)用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物時(shí)要用be angry at something.

　　another

　　［誤］ I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.

　　［正］ I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.

　　［析］ 要注意英語(yǔ)中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法，現(xiàn)分別說(shuō)明another作形容詞其意為：泛指的另一個(gè)或再一個(gè)，別的，類(lèi)似的。一般在句中作定語(yǔ)，如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another還可以作為代詞用，如：One student said："I want to play baskball."another said："I want to play football."��other作形容詞其意為"泛指其余的，別的"。如：I have other books besides these. 又如：Ask some other people please. the other則為特指，作形容詞時(shí)其后面可接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指，單數(shù))又如：There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指，復(fù)數(shù))但當(dāng)the other作為代詞時(shí)，它代表的可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，如：He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (單數(shù))又如：There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(復(fù)數(shù))are boys. 要注意的是當(dāng)the other作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要視具體情況而定，它可能是單數(shù)，也可能是復(fù)數(shù)。others則只能作代詞，其意為other ones即為：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作為代詞，它是特指某一些人或物，如：I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.

　　answer

　　［誤］ Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.

　　［正］ Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.

　　［析］ answer與reply是近意詞，作為及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有時(shí)二者是可以互換的，如：The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定場(chǎng)合則不易互換。作為應(yīng)答之意時(shí)則多用answer，如：You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.

　　any

　　［誤］ Do you have some questions?

　　［正］ Do you have any questions?

　　［析］ some一般要用于肯定句，而any則用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。

　　［誤］ China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

　　［正］ China is larger than any other country in Asia.

　　［析］ 要注意any other 其后要跟單數(shù)名詞，但any of the other 其后要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。�〤hina�� is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.

　　［誤］ Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.

　　［正］ Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.

　　［析］ anyone只能指人，而any one即可指人 也可以指物。

　　around

　　［誤］ The nine planets go around of the sun.

　　［正］ The nine planets go around the sun.

　　［析］ around后面不要再加介詞，如：The sun shines all around us.

　　around round

　　作介詞用的around與round通常可以互換，只不過(guò)美語(yǔ)常用around，而英語(yǔ)常用round，例如：You can see the post office round/around that corner. (繞過(guò)那個(gè)彎你就可以看到郵局。但是一定要區(qū)別它們的不同之處：round可以用作形容詞、副詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞；而around只能用作副詞或介詞。例如：The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介詞). He has round face (用作形容詞). The river rounded the stones. (用作動(dòng)詞)

　　arrive

　　［誤］ I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.

　　［正］ I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.

　　［正］ I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.

　　［誤］ He arrived in the school at 11∶00.

　　［正］ He arrived at the school at 11∶00.

　　［析］ arrive為不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)的是較大的地理區(qū)域時(shí)用介詞in，而到達(dá)較小的地方時(shí)則用at, 如：arrive in New York, arrive at the village.

　　arrive reach get

　　arrive如上所述是不及物動(dòng)詞，而reach則是及物動(dòng)詞。如：How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，作"到達(dá)"講時(shí)其后面多與to連用。如：When did you get to New York?

　　as

　　［誤］ This man works in the bank for a manager.

　　［正］ This man works in the bank as a manager.

　　［析］ as與for有時(shí)是可以通用的。如：This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用來(lái)指官銜、職位時(shí)只能用as.

　　［誤］ My brother is so taller as Tom.

　　［正］ My brother is as tall as Tom.

　　［析］ as… as之間只能用形容詞與副詞的原級(jí)，而不能用比較級(jí)。在否定句中可以用so…as，也可以用as…as，但在肯定句中只能用as…as，如：He is not so tall as Tom.

　　［誤］ I‘ll give him the note as soon as he will come.

　　［正］ I‘ll give him the note as soon as he comes.

　　［析］ as soon as所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)使用一般時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)。

　　ask

　　［誤］ The student asked a question to the teacher.

　　［正］ The student asked the teacher a question.

　　［析］ ask應(yīng)接雙賓語(yǔ)，即ask somebody something.

　　［誤］ They asked some books.

　　［正］ They asked for some books.

　　［析］ 向某人要求某物時(shí)應(yīng)用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如：He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.

　　asleep

　　［誤］ He is deeply asleep.

　　［正］ He is fast asleep.

　　［析］ 要講"熟睡"，就要用fast來(lái)修飾asleep。另外， 在英語(yǔ)中一般不講somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。關(guān)于睡覺(jué)這一詞的慣用法還有：go to sleep(如：The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.)， fall asleep(如：I fell asleep at English class yes terday.)

　　at

　　［誤］ It will really do you no harm quite.

　　［正］ It will really do you no harm at all.

　　［析］ at all和quite的漢語(yǔ)意思均為"全然"、"確定的"，但at all適用于否定句，例如：�� -I‘m sorry. I‘m late.��

　　-No trouble at all.

　　又如：I don‘t think it is right at all. 而quite則適用于肯定句，例如：He is quite a good teacher.

　　［誤］ The children play football for lunch.

　　［正］ The children play football at lunch.

　　［析］ 英語(yǔ)中的at lunch為"在吃午飯時(shí)"。這種慣用法還有at work(在工作)，at table(在吃飯)，at desk(在學(xué)習(xí))。而for lunch則是為午飯而準(zhǔn)備的食物，又如：We had some milk for breakfast.

　　［誤］ There is a post office in the corner of the street.

　　［正］ There is a post office at the corner of the street.

　　［析］ at the corner是指墻外面的角，而in the corner是指建筑物內(nèi)部的角落。例如：There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.

　　at in on

　　在表示時(shí)間時(shí)用來(lái)表示具體鐘點(diǎn)用at，如：He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午時(shí)要用in,如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是，in the morning和in the afternoon這兩個(gè)詞組中如果加入了任何修飾詞，其介詞要換為on， 如：on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如：See you on Monday morning. 如講到具體的某一天，要用on, 如：on Sunday, 如：I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在談到周、月、季、年時(shí)要用in，如：All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣誕節(jié)、復(fù)活節(jié)、感恩節(jié)時(shí)都用at, 如：Where are you going at Easter.��