編前話：2010年的北京中考和北京高考英語閱讀理解添加了新題型，這些新題型跟托�？荚嚨拈喿x理解題型有很多相似之處。下面學而思教育集團樂加樂英語王培同老師就以托福考試的閱讀理解題為例，給大家具體講解一下應戰新題型的方法！

　　托福考試的閱讀理解有這樣一種題型，文章中標出A、B、C、D四個位置，讓考生將所句子放在最合適的位置，從而使文章邏輯連貫，前后呼應，通順合理。下面是我從《新托福一遍通閱讀應試指南(基礎篇)》(高等教育出版社2008年6月第一版)一書中選擇的三篇文章，同學們練一練，找一找感覺。

　　例文一、從文中A、B、C、D中選擇一個最合適的位置，將句子This is close to the real meaning, “a carrying of things or people from one place to another。”加入文中。

　　Do you want to increase your vocabulary? A good way to do this is to break long English words into smaller parts. These parts are called roots(詞根)， prefixes(前綴)， and suffixes(后綴). A) They have meanings that are easy to remember。

　　In the word “transportation”， the root is “port”. This means “to carry”. The prefix is “trans”. This means “across”. The suffix is “tion”. This means the word is a noun. B) So, we could guess that transportation means something like “carrying across”. C) Once you learn some of the common roots, prefixes, and suffixes, you can figure out(想出，斷定) the meanings of many other unfamiliar(不熟悉的) English words. D)

　　例文二、從文中A、B、C、D中選擇一個最合適的位置，將句子This band of colors is called a spectrum(光譜)。加入文中。

　　The sun sends out a very, very large amount of light. A) Only about one billionth of it reaches us. Sunlight is a mixture of colors. We can see these colors through a prism(三棱鏡). A prism is a specially shaped piece of glass. The light is bent a little passing through the prism. Then, it shows as a band of colors. B) First, there is red, which is bent the least. Next is orange, then yellow, green, blue, and violet. Violet is bent the most. C) There are also thousands of sharp, dark lines crossing the band. Scientists study these lines and learn many different things. D)

　　從文中A、B、C、D中選擇一個最合適的位置，將句子In time, you learn to set the controls for each kind of situation。加入文中。

　　On a ten-speed bicycle you have two controls, one t go faster and one to go forward more easily. You must make a choice in setting them. You can either go faster or go forward more easily. A) You can’t do both。

　　The two controls have ten different settings. B) That’s why it is called a ten-speed. On level ground(平地) , you can go faster. C) Going uphill, you can go forward easily but not as quickly. On a very high hill, you can keep going but even more slowly. It takes a little practice to know when to use the different settings. D)

　　(文中中文釋義為加注。)

　　2010年中、高考新增的閱讀題型與此類試題頗為相似。目的都是通過句子和文面的操作，考查考生對文章整體結構和邏輯連貫的整體把握。所不同是托福為“一句多處”，為一個蘿卜選一個合適的坑，蘿卜少坑多；中、高考則是 “多句多處”，為多個蘿卜選合適的坑，坑不足而蘿卜有余。

　　我們暫且叫這一新題型“補全閱讀”�！把a全閱讀”和常規的“完形填空”同屬于殘缺閱讀范疇，它們不僅考查考生的語言基礎知識、交際能力，更是對考生心理素質的一次檢驗。但與“完形填空”所不同的是，“補全閱讀”已經上升到句子和文章的更高層面，著重考查學生的分析理解和布局謀篇能力。它著眼全文，從句子和文章的大視野中來考查學生的閱讀實力，只有讀懂全文，洞悉脈絡，理清思路，方能相互匹配，對號入座。“完形填空”則主要考查固定搭配、句型結構、詞匯的運用和辨析、邏輯連貫、前后照應等語言知識和篇章理解能力，著眼點多在單詞層面。

　　但考生大可不必膽怯慌張，甚至一籌莫展。任何考試的目的都是為了考查考生對知識的掌握程度、能力、才智或心理素質，絕非與考生作對，把考生考倒二后快。王老師說的好，只要能力大，咋考都不怕；只要準備齊，咋考都第一！只要準備充分，閱讀廣泛，語感好，理解強，考什么，如何考，都不會有問題。就像中考任務型閱讀一樣，當初也曾是閱讀理解新題型，也曾讓老師學生呈惶呈恐，但只要讀懂文章，縷順脈絡，抓住細節，一個“抄”字幾乎可以全攬十分�！把a全閱讀”也是如此，只要感覺好，讀功高強，這份分數你也將照單全收。

　　現在我們來分析解答上面的例題。

　　例文一第二段通過對詞根 “port”，前綴“trans”和后綴“tion”的解釋，猜測出單詞“transportation”的意識為 “carrying across”，“這一猜測與單詞的本意相當接近”正是目標句所表達的意思，目標句中的“This”指的就是這個“guess”。一個“guess”承上啟下，將目標句放在C出是再合適不過了。例文二僅僅從B前面的句子“Then, it shows as a band of colors。”就可判斷此處是放置目標句的風水寶地，因為緊接著說“This band of colors is called a spectrum�！奔吹皿w，又舒服，自然，連貫，可謂信手拈來。再看例文三，一個詞組“in time”(在此意為“最終”“終將”)告訴我們目標句是對全文的總結，D是絕佳去處。所以，以上三個操練的答案分別是C、B、D。

　　需要指出的是，“補全閱讀”讓考生所填的句子往往是主題句、總結句，或承上啟下的過渡句。閱讀解題時考生務必通讀全文，全面規劃，統籌安排，摒棄那些所謂的技巧，分析文章結構，把握邏輯連貫，明晰文章的起、進、收，方能高屋建瓴，為目標句找到合適的婆家。