26. 根據短文，科學家曾相信什么?

　　27. 科學家們發現關于木衛二的什么信息?

　　28. 最近，科學家就生命的形成了解到什么?

　　Passage Two

　　篇章結構

　　本篇講述醫生發現用紙記錄下的東西比口語交流的信息更加準確和穩定。問題源自一位醫生在對一個孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事項之后，發現這些親屬們竟然記不清到底醫生講了些什么，于是醫生決定在以后交待注意事項的時候要把這些內容全印成紙質的東西，因為紙質的東西比口語更可靠。

　　詞匯點撥

　　suffer v. 遭受;confusing a. 令人迷惑的;episode n. 插曲;version n. 版本;challenge v. 挑戰

　　話題詞匯

　　context n. 上下文

　　physician n. 內科醫生

　　recover v. 恢復

　　stability n. 穩定性

　　act out 表演出來

　　emergency room 急診室

　　oral communication 口頭交際

　　tailored to 定制的

　　難句解析

　　1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.

　　【解析】此句為倒裝句，強調listening to her，主語為a half a dozen other family members。正常語序為：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her.

　　2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.

　　【解析】本句兩分句由連詞but連接，had heard為過去完成時，表示在家人問瑪雅醫生之前就發生了此動作。I have given just a few hours before做定語修飾the simple instructions，省略連接詞that。

　　試題詳解

　　29. A) Whether they should take the child home. A) 他們是否應該將孩子帶回家。

　　B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. B) 瑪雅醫生的醫囑到底是什么。

　　C) Who should take care of the child at home. C) 誰在家照顧孩子。

　　D) When the child would completely recover. D) 什么時候這個孩子能完全恢復。

　　【聽音指導】瀏覽四個選項，應注意到都為wh-開頭的疑問詞，且提到了醫生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推測此題涉及的場景為醫院，病人為孩子。

　　【正確項分析】問題為孩子的家人因為什么而爭論，原文為the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意為親屬們就醫生到底講過什么建議爭論不休，問醫生如何解決。選項B中的instructions與原文的advice同義，選項B正確。

　　30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. A) 她鼓勵他們拿不準時就提問題。

　　B) She makes them write down all her instructions. B) 她讓他們記下她的醫囑。

　　C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. C) 她讓他們把將在家里做的事情表演出來。

　　D) She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do. D) 她讓他們復述要做的事。

　　【聽音指導】由第一題的選項可很有把握地推測she指代的是Doctor Myer，而與醫生相對的多半為病人。注意關鍵詞ask question，write down，act out和repeat。

　　【正確項分析】瑪雅醫生如何確定病人完全明白了自己的建議呢?原文為She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her與選項D中的關鍵詞repeat一致，選項D為正確答案，

　　31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. A) 它缺乏印刷體的穩定性。

　　B) It contains many grammatical errors. B) 它包含許多語法錯誤。

　　C) It is heavily dependent on the context. C) 它十分依賴上下文語境。

　　D) It facilitates interpersonal communication. D) 它有助于人際交往。

　　【聽音指導】本題為短文最后一題，應在文章最后出現。需要注意關鍵字stability，errors，context和communication。

　　【正確項分析】此題是典型的篇章問題考法。答案出現在結尾處，問題是作者對于人類口語交流 (human speech) 總結了什么。原文為human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，與選項A一致。

　　原文及譯文

　　In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later---- most people just don’t listen very well.

　　Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Mayer’s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.