推理

    閱讀除了需要理解文章的字面語義外，更需要透過字里行間領悟言外之意及作者的語氣、態度，這就要求讀者具有一定的推理能力。推理的前提就是閱讀到的有關文字——可能是短語或句子或整個段落甚至整篇短文。讀者必須由表及里、由此及彼，從字里行間悟出合乎作者本意的言外之意。推理的結果應是既來自于字里行間、又高于字里行間；既符合原文實際內涵，又超越實際內涵；既基于已知事實，又不僅僅是已知事實。

    正確的推理要求：

    1�敝矣谠�文，切忌用自己的觀點取代作者原意；

    2�弊⒁庾髡咔苍~造句的特點和傾向，客觀推測作者立場、觀點和寫作意圖；

    3�庇赏�一已知事實可推出不止一個正確的結論。

例：Apart from the obvious fact that rioters tend to come from the less well-off section of the community, there is no evidence that economic circumstances have any causal relationship with street violence.

A) There is some evidence for relating economic circumstances to street violence.

B) Not all the people in the community referred to are poor.

C) There is no evidence that economic circumstances result from street viloence.

D) All rioters come from the poorer section of the community.

本例中，只有A可由原文推知，其中Apart from所引述的正是經濟環境與暴力的一種相關性；C否定了這一相關性，故與原文相悖；D與原句中“rioters tend to come from…”的原意不符：“往往”不等于“總是”；B則是原文第一部分的重述，不屬推論。