2. Suffixes
Nouns
1) –ant, -ent applicant, component, servant, student
2) –er, -or, -ar employer, interviewer, trainer, painter, New Yorker, Northerner, lighter, cooker, conductor, beggar
3) –ee absentee, abandonee, employee, interviewee, trainee
4) –eer engineer, pioneer
5) –an, -ian, -arian historian, humanitarian, librarian, musician, Canadian
6) –ese Chinese, Japanese
7) –ist artist, Marxist, capitalist
8) –ism socialism, capitalism, mechanism
9) -ability, -ibility ability, flexibility
10) –age postage, shrinkage
11) –al arrival, refusal
12) –ance, -ence appearance, reference
13) –ancy, -ency emergency, expectancy
14) –cy accuracy, bankruptcy
15) –dom freedom, kingdom, wisdom
16) –ery bravery, cookery
17) –ess actress, lioness
18) –ette cigarette, novelette, cassette
19) –ful handful, spoonful
20) –hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood
21) –ics economics, electronics, mechanics, physics, mathematics, politics
22) –ion(-sion, -ssion -ition, -ation) decision, discussion, inflation, translation, action, correction
23) –ity, -ty reality, curiosity, purity, security, certainty, cruelty, difficulty, loyalty, poverty, safety
24) –ment movement, agreement, harassment
25) –ness carelessness, greatness, friendliness, weakness, tiredness
26) –ology futurology, geology, biology, musicology, psychology, anthropology ^
27) –ship hardship, friendship, sportsmanship
28) –th birth, death, breadth, strength, truth
29) -ure closure, exposure
Adjectives
30) –able, -ible acceptable, admissible, avoidable, eatable, countable, notable *, suitable, variable
31) –al educational, additional, normal, natural, essential
32) –an, -arian, -ian suburban, disciplinarian, Canadian
33) –ant, -ent different, resultant
34) –ary, -ory advisory, customary
35) –ate considerate, fortunate
36) –en golden, wooden, woolen
37) –ern northern, southern
38) –ese Chinese, Japanese
39) –free carefree, troublefree
40) –ful careful, painful
41) –ic, -ical atomic, biological, economic, economical, historic, historical, scientific, medical, mechanic, mechanical
42) –ish selfish, childish, womanish, greenish, reddish, yellowish, Swedish, Danish
43) –ive creative, decisive, supportive
44) –less useless, fruitless, boundless, groundless, hopeless, jobless, restless
45) –like childlike, ladylike
46) –ly manly, monthly
47) –ous, –ious, -uous, -eous various, continuous, courageous
48) –proof airproof, bulletproof, fireproof, waterproof
49) –some tiresome ^, lonesome, quarrelsome, troublesome, worrisome ^
50) –ward downward, homeward
51) –y hairy, noisy
Verbs
52) –en deepen, fasten, lengthen, strengthen, harden
53) –ify beautify, classify, electrify, horrify, modify, simplify, justify, notify
54) –ize, -yze, -ise, -yse analyze, modernize, industrialize, popularize, specialisation ^,
professionalisation ^
Adverbs
55) –ly clearly, easily, quickly
56) –ward, -wards inward, outward, upward, downward, homeward, northwards
57) -wise clockwise, otherwise
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