1．時態語態：一般現在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現在進行時，過去進行時，將
來進行時，現在完成時，過去完成時，將來完成時，現在完成進行時，
過去完成進行時，過去將來時，過去將來進行時，過去將來完成時，過
去將來完成進行時
主動，被動
A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _______ from the sort of candles used only in churches. (1999. 6)
A) had come B) coming C) come D) that came
2．虛擬語氣
1）基本形式：與現在實際情況相虛擬(did/were...would/should do)，與過去實際情況虛擬(had done...would/should have done)，與將來實際情況虛擬(were to do...would/should do)，與將來實際情況可能相反(should do...would/should do)
2）特殊句型：
(1) Had the doctor been available, the child would have been saved.
(2) if only, suppose: If only I could afford such a big house.
Suppose you were a millionaire, how would you spend the
money?
(3) It is (about, high) time sb. did sth.
(4) without, but for, but that, or, otherwise:
Without air and water, no human being could survive on the earth.
But for your timely help, we couldn’t have finished the job on time.
She was seriously ill last night, otherwise she would have attended the party.
(5) 錯綜時間條件句：
If I were you, I wouldn’t have left school so early.
Had you listened to your parents ten years ago, you would be a successful
scientist now.
(6) 需要用虛擬的動詞：
suggest, propose, insist, prefer, order, command, advise, desire, recommend, require, intend, decide, request, deserve, demand, determine, arrange, beg, ask, pray, urge, move, instruct, stipulate, maintain,
(7) 需要用虛擬的名詞
idea, importance, insistence, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, suggestion, necessity, desire, motion, requirement, resolution, demand, stipulation, advice, preference, wish
(8) 需要用虛擬的形容詞
advisable, anxious, appropriate, better, desirable, eager, essential, imperative, important, insistent, keen, natural, necessary, possible, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, absurd, best, content, unfair, odd, pleasant, right, strange, crucial, surprising
(9) wish
She wishes that she were a teacher.
I wish I could take a walk on the moon.
(10) would(had) rather, would sooner, would just as soon
I’d rather you stayed with us tonight.
I would just as soon they had done the job ahead of time.
(11)as if, as though
She talks as if she were a doctor. (It seems as if it’s going to rain.)
(12)in case, lest, for fear that
She took an umbrella in case it should rain.
Remember to leave earlier lest you should miss the train.
Who would you rather __________ with you, George or me? (2002. 6)
A) going B) to go C) have gone D) went
It is important that the hotel receptionist __________ that guests are registered correctly (2001. 1)
A) has made sure B) made sure C) must make sure D) make sure
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