4)比較法

　　所謂比較法，就是通過對過去、現在兩種不同的傾向、觀點進行比較，從而引出文章要討論的觀點。一般來說，對過去的觀點都只是一筆帶過，而將寫作的重點放在現在的即文章要討論的觀點上。這種開頭方式主要適用于觀點論證型作文。

　　【常用句式】

　　① For years, …had been viewed as… But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing/ development of…, people…

　　② People used to think that… (In the past, …) But people don’t share this view now.

　　③ It is a tradition/ custom/ practice/ traditional way… But now/in recent decades things have changed.

　　【例16】

　　It is a custom for Chinese to get married with a person with the same family background, regardless of the fact they may actually do not love each other. But in the recent decades things have changed. Chinese young people now tend to consider love to be the only factor to decide whether they will get married with someone or not.

　　【分析】本段文字是關于中國人對待婚姻的觀念發生改變的文章開頭，運用了比較法，段首句使用了句式③。

　　5)問題法

　　所謂問題法，就是先將要討論的問題進行設問，然后在解答的過程中引出觀點。這樣開頭的好處在于從一開始就能引起讀者的興趣，但需要注意的是，如果問題設計不好，就會導致首段中心不突出，主題句表達蒼白等負面效果，因此使用時要慎重。這種開頭方式主要適用于對比選擇型作文和現象解釋型作文。

　　【常用句式】

　　① Should/ What…? Opinions of/ Attitudes towards/ Answers to… vary widely/ greatly/ from person to person. Some… are favor of/ view/ regard/ think of… Others believe/ argue/ claim…

　　② “Why do/ have …?” Many … often ask/ pose the question like this.

　　③ One of the basic/ hot topic facing our society is : What/Why …?

　　④ How do you think of the problem of …? In seeking answer to this question, …

　　⑤ Why is there a … in society? It is no easy task to identify the causes for it.

　　【例17】

　　“Why do we have to learn Engl

　　ish while it may be useless after graduation?” Many college students often ask the question like this. Surely it is because they haven’t realized the importance of English. They do not know in the international communication, English is always the language to be used.

　　【分析】本段文字是關于大學生為什么要學英語的文章開頭，運用了問題法，段首句使用了句式②。

　　6)引用法

　　所謂引用法，就是在文章開頭引用名人名言、箴言、諺語或有代表性的看法，來引出文章要論述的觀點。這種方法通過引用切合主題的名言警句，一方面可以突出主題，另一方面也能為文章增加文采，容易給人留下深刻的印象。但是這種開頭要求考生必須有一定知識儲備，對所使用的名言警句等要應運自如。另外，所引用的名言警句一定要為中心服務，不能單純為了增加文采而引用。這種開頭方式主要適用于觀點論證型作文。

　　【常用句式】

　　① One of the great/ early writers/ philosophers/ scientists said/ wrote/ remarked, “…”If this is true/ the case, then the present/ current view/ value/ attitude/ situation should make us wonder whether…/ ponder over…

　　② “…” The same idea/ complaint/ attitude is voiced/ echoed/ shared by…

　　③ “…” How often we hear/ We are used to hearing/ Many people have heard(such) statement/ words/ complaint like/ as this/ those.

　　④ There is an old/ popular saying/ proverb which goes that…. The truth of it is profound and significant./ Under its simplified cover, a truth is ironically pointed out, that is, …

　　⑤ One great … had ever said/ once remarked, “…”Now it still has a realistic/ profound significance./ Now it is still working in our modern society./ Now more and more people share this belief./ The remark is still confirmed by people in today’s society./ the remark has been shared by generations./ The view has been echoed by many …