【例18】

　　There is an old proverb which goes that the grass is always greener on the other side of the valley. Under its simplified cover, a truth is ironically pointed out, that is, people are not contented with the already blessing situation. On the contrary, we always think that there are people around us who are much more fortunate than us. In fact this kind of opinion is very dangerous.

　　【分析】本段文字是關于成功是靠運氣還是靠努力奮斗的文章開頭，運用了引用法，段首句使用了句式④。

　　2.結尾的寫法

　　文章的結尾一般篇幅不宜過長，但卻也是決定文章成敗的點睛之筆。面對堆積如山的試卷，閱卷老師的精力更多的是放在文章的開頭、各段的過渡及文章的結尾。好的結尾，可以增添文章的效果和說服力，加深閱卷老師的印象。一篇文章的結尾是否能夠產生最佳效果，關鍵是能否使用恰當的方法和優秀的句式有效地體現文章主題。

　　1)總結法

　　所謂總結法，就是通過文章前面的討論分析引出一段總結性的言論，重申文章的中心思想或總結自己的觀點，作為全文的結束。這是一種最常見的結尾方式，主要用于觀點論證型作文和對比選擇型作文。

　　【常用句式】

　　① Given the factors that I have just outlined, it is wise to support the statement that…

　　② From what has been discussed above/Judging from all evidence offered, we may safely/ undoubtedly draw/ come to/arrive at the conclusion that …

　　③ Taking into account all these factors/ In view of the above-mentioned facts,we should draw/ come to/arrive at the conclusion that…

　　④ All the available/ conclusive/ reliable/ striking evidence goes to show/ piles up to show that…

　　⑤ All the evidence/ analysis supports/ warrants an unmistakable/ fair conclusion that…

　　⑥ All the evidence/ analysis justifies/ confirms an unshakable/ sound view/ idea that…

　　⑦ All the available/ conclusive/ reliable/ striking evidence points to the fact/ lends support to the view that …

　　⑧ To sum up/ conclude,…/ The conclusion is self-evident.…

　　⑨ Weighing up these two arguments, I am for ….

　　⑩ Taking into account all these factors/ In view of the above-mentioned facts, I prefer …

　　【例19】

　　To conclude, smoking is nothing but evil as it is so harmful to people. All smokers should be taught of the great harm of smoking and be persuaded out of smoking. More importantly, we should protect our children from the harm of smoking through education.

　　【分析】本段文字是吸煙有害健康的文章結尾，運用了總結法，段首句使用了句式⑧。

　　2)后果法

　　所謂后果法，就是對所討論的問題或現象可能會產生的后果做出預測或分析。這種后果可能是積極的，也可能是消極的，需根據文章主題而定。這種結尾方式主要適用于問題解決型作文和現象解釋型作文。

　　【常用句式】

　　① Clearly/ Obviously/ No doubt, if we do not/ cannot…/ if we ignore/ are blind to…, there is every chance/ chances that…/ it is very likely that…

　　②Any person/ nation/ society who/ which ignores/ is blind to/ fails to learn… would pay a heavy price.

　　③ Fortunately, however, more and more people come to realize the importance of… and improvement si in near future.

　　④ If we work on… from now on, in foreseeable future, we will not be perplexed/ cursed/ overwhelmed by the same dilemma/ problem.

　　⑤ If we can solve the problem with no efforts spared, human being will not be caught/ stuck in the same conditions.