動名詞

　　1. 構(gòu)成與形式

　　動名詞形式與現(xiàn)在分詞相同，由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。

　　動名詞的形式有：

　　2. 用法

　　動名詞，顧名思義，既有動詞也有名詞的某些特征�？蓭в凶约旱馁e語和狀語，構(gòu)成動名詞短語。在句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。

　　1)作主語

　　Smoking is not good for your health.

　　it is a waste of time discussing such matters.

　　2) 作賓語

　　For many years, he has never stopped reading English.

　　On hearing that Tom had passed his examination, I rang him up.

　　常用動名詞作賓語的動詞及短語動詞有：stop, mind, enjoy, finish, avoid, deny, miss, escape, consider, admit, risk, complete, can’t help, give up, leave off, put off, keep on等。

　　3)作表語

　　What he likes is playing chess after supper.

　　The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customer.

　　4) 作定語

　　He may be in the reading room, for all I know.

　　The turning speed of the new machine is much higher than that of the old one.

　　比較：動名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語有所不同：動名詞和它所修飾的名詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它多表示被修飾的名詞的功能、用途;而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，它與所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，前者是后者發(fā)出的動作。如：

　　3. 時態(tài)與語態(tài)

　　1)完成式

　　He regretted having shot the bird.

　　I apologize for not having kept my promise.

　　2) 被動式

　　She didn’t mind being left alone at home.

　　He insisted on being treated as an ordinary employee.

　　3) 完成被動式

　　After having been interviewed, he was offered the job.

　　He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess.

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