47.Only gradually was the by�瞤roduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

　　【結構分析】

　　Only gradually was the by�瞤roduct of the institution noted, ��and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

　　這是一個并列句，兩個并列分句都是部分倒裝的形式(only加上副詞置于句首的部分倒裝)，前半句為only gradually置于句首的倒裝，正常語序為The by�瞤roduct of the institution was noted only gradually;后半句為only more gradually still置于句首的倒裝，正常語序為and this effect was still considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution only more gradually.

　　【詞義推敲】

　　By-product 副產品

　　【翻譯潤色】

　　Only gradually was the by�瞤roduct of the institution noted慢慢的，社會機構的這種副產品才被人們注意到

　　and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution而要把它作為機構運行的指導性因素，則更加緩慢得多

　　【參考譯文】

　　慢慢的，社會機構的這種副產品才被人們注意到，而要把它作為機構運行的指導性因素，則更加緩慢得多。

　　48.While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.

　　【結構分析】

　　While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, �� it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.

　　這是一個復合句。While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition是while引導的讓步狀語從句，其中in our contact with them 是介詞短語，在句子中做狀語;it is not so easy as in dealing with adults是主句。

　　【詞義推敲】

　　disposition 性情

　　deal with sb. 應付，對待

　　【翻譯潤色】

　　While it is easy to ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition雖然我們很容易忽略我們的行為對他們性格的影響

　　in our contact with them在和他們接觸的時候

　　it is not so easy as in dealing with adults但是在與成年人交往時，這種影響是不容易被忽略的

　　【參考譯文】

　　我們很容易忽略在接觸中我們的行為對他們性格的影響，但是在與成年人交往時，這種影響是不容易被忽略的。

　　49.Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.

　　【結構分析】

　　Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.

　　這是一個復合句。Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 是since引導的原因狀語從句，we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability是主句，其中whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability 是由whether引導的名詞從句，做consider的賓語，該從句中的which will secure this ability是定語從句，修飾先行詞powers。

　　【詞義推敲】

　　cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

　　【翻譯潤色】

　　Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life既然我們的主要目的是讓他們也能夠分享日常生活中的一切

　　we cannot help considering 我們不禁要考慮

　　whether or not we are forming the powers 我們是否正在形成一種力量

　　which will secure this ability來確保這種能力的

　　【參考譯文】

　　既然我們與年輕人交往的主要目的是讓他們也能夠分享日常生活中的一切，我們不禁要考慮：我們是否正在形成一種力量來確保他們的這種能力。

　　50.We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.

　　【結構分析】

　　We are thus led to distinguish, ��within the broad educational process����which we have been so far considering, ��a more formal kind of education����—that of direct tuition or schooling.

　　這是一個復合句。We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling是主句部分，其中that of direct tuition or schooling由破折號引出做補充說明;within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering是插入語，其中which we have been so far considering是定語從句，修飾先行詞the broad educational process。

　　【詞義推敲】

　　tuition 教學，指導

　　【翻譯潤色】

　　We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education因此，我們需要區分出一種更正規的教育方式

　　—that of direct tuition or schooling即直接的指導或學校教育

　　within the broad educational process 在寬泛的教育過程中

　　which we have been so far considering我們迄今一直在思考的

　　【參考譯文】

　　因此，在我們迄今一直在思考的寬泛的教育過程中，我們需要區分出一種更正規的教育方式，即直接的指導或學校教育。