2002年Text 1

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."��

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.��

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.��

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pickout a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

43. It can be inferred from the text that public services.��
[A] have benefited many people.��
[B] are the focus of public attention.��
[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor.��
[D] have often been the laughing stock.

[答案] D

[解題思路]

本題對應信息在第三段的最后一句話"You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system"（如果你選擇去評論郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊，那就比較安全）。既然這些像郵局或電話局這些關于公共服務的話題用作幽默的素材很安全，可見這些話題都是常見的笑料，答案自然為D。要把握原文中"scapegoat"（替罪羊）這個詞的意思，那么會更加有助于判斷。C選項與原文意思相反，而A、B選項都與問題無關，因此這三個選項都可以排除。

[題目譯文]

從文中可以推斷，公共服務
[A] 已經使許多人受惠
[B] 是公眾關注的焦點
[C] 不是幽默的合適主題
[D] 常常被當作笑料