【真題例句】Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing。”(2004閱讀4)

　　【結構分析】本句主干為Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought…，thought后為省略了that的賓語從句，(that)schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children。分號內為直接引語。

　　【參考譯文】拉爾夫·瓦爾多·愛默生以及其他一些超驗主義哲學家認為，學校教育和僵化的書本學習會抑制孩子們的天性：“我們被關入學校和大學的背書室里10到15年，出來時滿腹經綸卻什么也不懂。”

　　4.that引導同位語從句，說明先行名詞的內容。

　　【真題例句】Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community。(2000英譯漢)

　　【結構分析】本句主干Governments throughout the world act on the assumption…，that引導同位語從句that the welfare of their people depends largely on…，對assumption 的內容進行具體說明。that在從句中不作成分，不翻譯出來。

　　【參考譯文】各國政府行使其職能都基于這樣一個前提，即人民的福利很大程度上取決于本國的經濟實力和社會財富。

　　【真題例句】Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”。(2002閱讀4)

　　【結構分析】逗號前為本句主干，Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain…，其中pain后為省略了關系代詞that的定語從句，(關系代詞在從句中作suffering的賓語)，逗號后介詞短語為本句的狀語，包含that引導的同位語從句，說明extent的具體內容。

　　【參考譯文】許多醫生似乎對病人們正在遭受的并且不必要的痛苦無動于衷，甚至達到了構成“系統地虐待病人”的程度。

　　【真題例句】If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. (2003閱讀2)

　　【結構分析】逗號后為本句主干，一個there be句型。其中possibility后面為that引導的同位語從句，解釋說明possibility的具體內容。句首部分為if引導的條件狀語從句。

　　【參考譯文】如果好人無所作為，一群不明真相的公眾真的有可能撲滅醫學進步的珍貴火種。

　　【真題例句】Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth。(2003英譯漢)

　　【結構分析】本句為it作形式主語，不定式短語作真正主語的主系表結構。逗號后with所作伴隨狀語，其中包含一個同位語從句that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to…說明hope的具體內容。

　　【參考譯文】因此，冷靜而系統地研究人類的豐富性和多樣性是十分重要的，其目的是希望通過這些研究的成果使人類自身，也與其他的生命形式，在地球上更和諧地生存。

　　【真題例句】One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research。(2003閱讀2)