二、名詞性從句

　　【難句12】The console can determine how the controller is moving in space and what it is pointing at, and uses that information to control what is happening on screen. (The Economist Dec. 2, 2006)

　　【結構分析】以逗號后and為切入點，得到主句部分的并列平行結構The console can determine…, and uses that information to control…，uses與can determine一起作該句的謂語。其中determine的賓語也以and切入，得到how引導的名詞性從句how the controller is moving in space和what引導的名詞性從句what it is pointing at(how在從句中作狀語，what在從句中作賓語);在use的賓語補足語to control…中，control的賓語使用了what引導的名詞性從句what is happening on screen充當，what在從句中作主語。

　　【參考譯文】游戲機能測出手柄的移動軌跡，識別手柄指著屏幕上的什么東西，然后根據得到的信息控制屏幕上的游戲。

　　【難句13】If left unchanged, it appears that the time to cash in on digital sales via services like iTunes is starting to evaporate, especially if the music is set to start leaking into the public domain in the country where it was originally produced. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)

　　【結構分析】本句主干為主系表結構，注意appear在這里是系動詞用法。表語部分由that引導的名詞性從句that the time…is starting to evaporate…充當，不定式短語to cash in on digital sales via services like iTunes 作后置定語修飾the time。especially直到句末是條件狀語從句，使用了被動語態 if the music is set to…句末關系副詞where引導的定語從句where it was originally produced修飾先行詞the country，關系副詞在從句中作狀語，相當于in which。句首部分If left unchanged，我們可以理解為是分詞結構作的條件狀語，注意這里使用了leave sth.+adj.用法。

　　【參考譯文】如果不改變，則通過諸如iTunes利用數字銷售賺錢的時代可能開始消亡了，尤其是當音樂在其最初發表的國家已經進入公共領域時。

　　【難句14】If I ever had any doubts about how demanding a teacher’s job is, it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)

　　【結構分析】本句的結構清晰，為主從復合句。it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools為主句部分，其中包含一個when引導的時間狀語從句when I spent some time recently in schools。If引導的條件狀語從句中，had any doubts about后的賓語由how引導的名詞性從句how demanding a teacher’s job is充當，how與形容詞demanding相連作從句的表語。注意整個句子使用了與過去相反的虛擬語氣，從句為if+had done，主句為would/could/should/might+have done的形式。

　　【參考譯文】如果說我以前還曾懷疑教師的工作有多吃力，那么當我最近在學校中待了一段時間后，我永遠改變了原來的想法。

　　【難句15】The teachers who took part in the program also told me of their worries that they might be force-feeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure they grasped the importance to them of what they were being taught. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)

　　【結構分析】本句成分復雜。主語The teachers 后跟who引導的定語從句who took part in the program also told me of their worries…作修飾語，關系代詞who在從句中作主語。told后我們可以認為是雙賓語(對象+內容)，直接賓語部分their worries后跟that引導的名詞性從句that they might be force�瞗eeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure…說明worries的具體內容。ensure后面的賓語是一個省略了引導詞that的賓語從句they grasped the importance to them of…，grasped的賓語the importance of…被不定式結構to them分隔，of構成的介賓短語的賓語由what引導的名詞性從句充當，且從句使用了被動語態的現在進行時。

　　【參考譯文】參與節目的老師們還告訴我，他們擔心自己可能是在向學生強行灌輸知識與信息，而不是激勵他們討論，以此保證他們能掌握他們所學知識的要領。

　　【難句16】The trouble with that approach is that consumers tend to prefer devices that require simply plugging them in, without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features common to home networks. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)

　　【結構分析】本句主干很清晰，是主系表結構。其中表語部分由that引導的名詞性從句that consumers tend to prefer devices…充當。device后是that引導的定語從句 that require simply plugging them in…,關系代詞that在從句中作主語。逗號后的介詞短語 without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features…作從句中的伴隨狀語(在翻譯時我們可以轉譯為定語)，句末的形容詞結構common to home networks后置作features的定語。

　　【參考譯文】這一方式的問題在于，消費者更喜歡不需要創立復雜的無線電頻道、安全保護以及家庭網絡所共有的其他特性，便可以簡單插入的裝置。

　　【難句17】Davies says guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use. (The Guardian Oct. 3, 2007)

　　【結構分析】本句不難，主句謂語says后是省略了that的賓語從句guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use。注意兩個between的使用。第一個between與后面的and 相連，構成being flexible enough to…and providing enough detail to…結構，第二個between后跟disciplines表示“各學科之間”，并且前后都使用了be enough to do的形式。

　　【參考譯文】戴維斯說，指導規范必須在足夠靈活考慮各學科的不同點和提供充足的可操作的細節之間尋求一種平衡。

　　【難句18】In its 16 years of operation it has found the first convincing evidence for the existence of black holes, made observations supporting the theory that the universe’s expansion is accelerating and confirmed that dark matter exists. (The Economist Nov. 2, 2006)

　　【結構分析】去掉句首介賓In its 16 years of operation作的時間狀語，以and為切入點，得到主句it has found…, made…and confirmed…其中made后的賓語中，包含現在分詞結構supporting the theory…作的伴隨狀語，在此伴隨狀語中，that引導同位語從句that the universe’s expansion is accelerating解釋說明theory的內容;而confirmed后的賓語由that引導的名詞性從句that dark matter exists充當。

　　【參考譯文】在它運行的16年中，首次發現了關于黑洞的令人信服的證據，很多觀測都支持宇宙加速膨脹的理論并確認暗物質的存在。