that是英語中十分常見的單詞,用法靈活多樣,是英語中最常用的詞匯之一。正因為它是我們認為自己最熟悉的單詞,反而容易忽視它。在考研英語中,對that的考查包括三個方面:(1)that作指示代詞的用法;(2)that作連詞引導各類從句時,需要準確辨別從句類型。
一、that 作限定詞或代詞
that可以作限定詞或代詞連接名詞或名詞短語,也可單獨使用,用以指代人或者物。此外,that不僅可以指代單獨的人或物,還可以指代一句話。
例:Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. [2006, text3]
分析:
A.分析句子結構。Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks //after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, //because there are fewer sharks around now.
第一個句子的主句為a lot of fish were lost to sharks,介詞短語in the early days of long line fishing作狀語,after引導時間狀語從句。第二個句子主句是That is no longer a problem, that為代詞,because引導原因狀語從句。
B.分析that指代。that指代第一句話,"a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked",其中after引導時間狀語從句。
C.譯文:而且,在使用多鉤長線捕魚的初期,許多魚被鉤住后又被鯊魚奪走。這不再是一個問題,因為附近的鯊魚更少了。
二、that作副詞表示程度,相當于so
例:It isn't all that cold. 天沒有那么冷。
三、that作連詞引導各類從句
(一)that引導名詞性從句
that后面連接一個完整的陳述句,可以位于主語、賓語、表語或同位語的位置,分別引導主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。此時,that沒有實意,而且不在從句中做任何成分。that引導主語從句和同位語從句時不可以省略。
例1:That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. (主語從句)
地球板塊是在漂移的,這一事實毋庸置疑。
例2:The truth is that everyone should take care of orphan, not just the authorities.(表語從句)
事實是,所有人都應該照顧孤兒,而不僅僅是完全由政府承擔。
例3:All people believed that it was right to rescue the temple. (賓語從句)(注:that可以省略)
所有人都認為拯救古廟是正確的。
例4:The students expressed their hope that they could be admitted by that university.(同位語從句)
學生們表達了他們向被這所大學錄取的愿望。
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