詞形變化( Word Form )應試技巧

　　1.熟練掌握動詞詞形變化規律。注意：動詞形式既包括謂語動詞的各種形式，如時態、語態及語氣(直陳、虛擬)等，虛擬語氣為重點，幾年來的考題中都有這方面內容;也包括非謂語動詞的各種形式。所以做動詞的詞形變化時，首先要搞清楚它在句中是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，然后再作相應的變化。

　　2.認真學好并熟悉課文。本題所選用的句子是根據教材中出現的句子編寫的，其中多數來自課文，所以熟悉教材十分重要。

　　3.認真鉆研相關的語法講解。主要指謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞比較等級、情態動詞、虛擬語氣\形容詞比較級、最高級，等部分。

　　動詞：動詞是考試的重點。主要包括：動詞的時態、語態、語氣和非謂語動詞。

　　1)動詞的時態：重點是動詞的過去時、完成時。

　　So far， Irving ______(live) in New York City for ten years. has lived

　　Many a writer of newspaper articles_______(trun) to writing novels during the past decade. has turned

　　Some people think relations between people _______(deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible . have deteriorated

　　Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _______(happen) to her.

　　had happened

　　In the past two decades， research _____(expand) our knowledge about sleep and dreams . has expanded

　　2)動詞的語態：主要掌握各個時態的被動式。

　　The nations that _______actively ________(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， Russia， and the United States. are involved

　　There __________(estimate) to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Brtain in 1995. were estimated

　　3)動詞的語氣：

　　A.掌握非真實條件句中，謂語動詞在主句和條件句中的虛擬語氣形式。

　　If you had come earlier， you ______ (not miss) the first act of the play.

　　would not have missed

　　If it hadn‘t been for your help， we _____(be) in real trouble.

　　would have been

　　B.在表示建議、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“緊迫性”等含義的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，由“動詞原形”或“should + 動詞原形”構成。 should 常常省略

　　I would recommend that you _______(think) about doing something similar for yourself. (should) think

　　It was imperative that students ______(finish) their papers before July 1st.

　　(should) finish

　　C.動詞wish 、would rather (sooner)、if only、as if 后的虛擬語氣。

　　I would rather he _____(buy) the house next year.

　　bought ( 表示從句中動作尚未發生)

　　She treats me as if I ______ (be) a stranger. were

　　The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____( meet) them before.

　　had met

　　If only we ______(have) a phone! I‘m tired of waiting outside the public phone box.

　　D.in case ， for fear that ， lest 等詞后從句的謂語動詞為(should) + 原形。

　　He took his umbrella with him lest it _______ (rain.)

　　(should) rain

　　E.在It is (high) time that 從句中謂語動詞一般用過去時動詞。

　　It‘s high time that we _______(take) firm measures to protect our environment. took

　　F.時間錯綜條件句，動詞的形式要根據表示的時間調整。

　　如果我們早動身，現在就不會在雨中走了。

　　If we had set out earlier，we wouldn‘t be walking in the rain.

　　(從句中動作發生在過去，主句中動作發生在現在。)

　　4)動詞的非謂語動詞形式：

　　A.動詞不定式：主要考查動詞不定式作定語、賓語、賓語或主語補足語等的用法。還要注意動詞不定式的被動式與完成式。

　　不定式作定語：If there is no choice， there is no decision ______(make) to be made

　　不定式作賓語： Robots ， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning ________(see) . to be seen

　　不定式作賓補 I notice him _______( leave ) the classroom. leave (可省略to)

　　不定式作主補：They were often compelled ______(work) twelve or fourteen hours a day.

　　to work( 不可省略to)

　　We make them (to) work day and night. 不定式作賓語補語，在有些動詞后可以省略TO

　　They are made to work day and night. 不定式作主語補語時，不可省略TO

　　B.分詞：主要考查分詞作定語、狀語、賓語補足語的用法。注意現在分詞與過去分詞的區別。 另外，還有現在分詞的被動式與完成式的形式。

　　分詞作定語：Anyone ______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. wanting

　　As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals _____(use) in experiments may decrease. used

　　分詞作狀語： When ______(present) with a common case， sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. presented

　　________ (tell) that some guests were coming ， she shopped all morning in the supermarket. Having been told

　　Her body， with hands and feet _______(bind) ， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. bound

　　分詞做賓補： They may have their passports ______(remove) ， making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. removed

　　動名詞作賓語：If you cannot understand ， ask： “ Would you mind ______(rephrase) the question ， please ?” rephrasing

　　If we don‘t start out now， we must risk ______(miss) the train.

　　missing

　　形容詞副詞：

　　The more time you waste， the _____(easy) it is to continue wasting time.easier

　　As Jane was the _____(old) ， she looked after the other children in the family. eldest

　　詞性轉換：

　　The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a _____(trick)situation .

　　trick是名詞或動詞，應把它變為形容詞tricky

　　These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _____(specialize) in its function.

　　specialize 是動詞，應把它變為形容詞 specific或 special