A man was seen to go into the room.一個(gè)男人被看到走進(jìn)屋里去了。(被動(dòng))

　　His mother made him do his homework again.他媽媽讓他把作業(yè)重寫一次。(主動(dòng))

　　He was made to do his homework again by his mother.他被媽媽要求把作業(yè)重寫一次。(被動(dòng))

　　6)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　動(dòng)詞+介詞

　　如：They have talked about this matter recently.他們近來(lái)一直在談?wù)撨@件事情。(主動(dòng))

　　This matter has been talked about recently.這件事情近來(lái)一直被談?wù)撝��?被動(dòng))

　　動(dòng)詞+副詞

　　如：They put off the sports meeting.他們把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲了。(主動(dòng))

　　The sports meeting was put off.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被推遲了。(被動(dòng))

　　7)get+過去分詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　get+過去分詞也可以構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句子側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的結(jié)果而不是動(dòng)作本身。

　　如：The man got hurt on his way home.那個(gè)男子在回家的路上受傷了。

　　Mary is going to get married.瑪麗準(zhǔn)備結(jié)婚。

　　3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：

　　1)動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者很明顯，沒有必要提到時(shí)：

　　如：The rubbish hasn't been collected.垃圾沒有清走。

　　Your hand will be X-rayed.你的手要照X片。

　　2)不知道、不確切知道或忘記了誰(shuí)是施動(dòng)者。

　　如：The minister was murdered.部長(zhǎng)被謀殺了。

　　You will be met at the station.有人會(huì)到車站去接你。

　　3)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可以避免說(shuō)出別扭的句子。

　　如：When he arrived home a detective arrested him.他回到家時(shí)，一名偵探逮捕了他。(主動(dòng))

　　此句最好表示為：

　　When he arrived home he was arrested by a detective.他回到家里就被一名偵探逮捕了。(被動(dòng))變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)后，可以避免改換主語(yǔ)。

　　4) 主動(dòng)句中主語(yǔ)是不定代詞one，通常可以表示為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　如：One sees this sort of advertisement everywhere.這樣的廣告到處可見。(主動(dòng))

　　This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere. 這樣的廣告到處可見。(被動(dòng))

　　5)當(dāng)動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者即主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是泛指人們時(shí)：這樣的動(dòng)詞有：assume, believe, claim, consider, estimate, find, know, report, say, think等，通常可以表示為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　如：People believe him to be honest.人們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

　　He is believed to be honest.相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

　　6)新聞報(bào)道，書刊介紹等文體中，突出描述的客觀性。

　　如：Three people have so far been killed in the storms sweeping across the north of England and Southern Scotland.在席卷英格蘭北部和蘇格蘭南部的暴風(fēng)雨中，三人喪生。

　　4.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：

　　英語(yǔ)中有些“be+過去分詞”的形式可以表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可以作系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如果表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，則是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);如果表示狀態(tài)，則是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。表示被動(dòng)時(shí)，常伴有by短語(yǔ);表示狀態(tài)時(shí)多用其他介詞短語(yǔ)(in, at, with等)

　　如：The novel is well written.這個(gè)小說(shuō)寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

　　The novel is written by a woman.這個(gè)小說(shuō)是一位婦女寫的。(被動(dòng))

　　The man was offended. 那個(gè)人很生氣。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

　　The man was offended by the woman.那個(gè)男人被那個(gè)女人激怒了。(被動(dòng))

　　5.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義：

　　當(dāng)句子中出現(xiàn)easy , hard , difficult 等詞修飾時(shí)，我們用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)

　　如 I found the poem hard to understand .

　　2001年第25小題：

　　They found the lecture hard --------

　　A to be understood B to understand C for understanding D to have been understood

　　答案是B

　　第二部分：鞏固練習(xí)

　　把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句：

　　1.He suggested using the waterproof material.

　　He suggested that the waterproof material should be used.

　　2. He advised us to go to school earlier.

　　We are advised to go to school earlier.

　　3.The waiter recommended us to order the seafood.

　　We were recommended to order the seafood.

　　The waiter recommended that the seafood should be ordered.

　　4.We often hear him sing in the next room.

　　He is often heard to sing in the next room.

　　5.You needn't return the book now.

　　The book needn't be returned now.

　　6. They will send you a bill at the end of the month.

　　You will be sent a bill at the end of the month.

　　A bill will be sent to you at the end of the month.

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