1. 名詞后綴 -ment
agreement, statement
2. 名詞后綴 -ation, -ion, -sion
communication, completion, conclusion
3. 名詞后綴 -ity
similarity, regularity
4. 名詞后綴 -ence
intelligence, independence
5. 形容詞后綴 -ful
successful, purposeful
6. 副詞后綴 -ly
conversely, regularly, purposefully
7. 反義詞前綴 in
inexact, incomplete, independent
8. 反義詞前綴 dis
disagree, discover
本課簡介
How to Be a Successful Language Learner 是一篇典型的說明文。此類文章通常以邏輯順序安排材料,作者要回答HOW或WHY方面的問題。在說明文的閱讀與寫作中,要注意抓主題句以及使文章內容啟承轉合的常用詞句。
本課中,作者從一句引言入手,先談了人們對語言學習的看法,然后闡述了自己對學好語言的看法。文章條理十分清楚,對我們學寫說明文很有幫助。
本課語言點
1. Learning a language is easy.
這是一個 主語+動詞+表語 (SVP)句型。句中learning a language為動名詞短語,在句子中做主語。再如:
Forgetting the past means betrayal.(忘記過去就意味著背叛。)
請翻譯下面的句子:
1) 閱讀英語比講英語容易。 (Reading English is easier than speaking it.)
2) 集郵是我弟弟的愛好。(Collecting stamps is my little brother''s hobby.)
2. Even a child can do it.
even在句中作副詞用,加強語氣,表示“甚至(…也),連(…都)”。如:He even didn''t trust his best friend.(他甚至不信任他最好的朋友。)
請注意even與 even if / though的區別并翻譯下面的句子:
1) 這個我連聽都沒聽過。(I haven''t even heard of it.)
2) 即使花了數天時間復習,他也沒能考好。(He didn''t do well in the exam even though he spent days reviewing.)
3. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.
句中who are learning a second language為定語從句,修飾先行詞most adults,再如:
The man who wrote this book is a teacher.(寫這本書的人是一位教師。)
請翻譯下面的句子:
1) 穿藍色夾克的那個男孩是我們的班長。
(The boy who is in a blue jacket is our monitor.)
2) 你昨天借給我的那本書很有趣。
(The book that you lent me yesterday is very interesting.)
句中的would是助動詞,表示“可能”,“(將)會”。例如:
A picnic without you wouldn''t be fun.(野餐沒你參加會很沒意思。)
助動詞would的用法很多,概括起來主要有如下幾種:
1) 表示過去將來時:I felt confident that everything would be all right.
2) 表示意愿:I asked him not to do it, but he wouldn''t listen to me.
3) 表示習慣性:Every evening, we would go for a walk along the river.
4) 表示虛擬,假設,條件:If you had come earlier, you would have seen him.
5) 表示婉轉地請求或建議:Would you look after my cat while I am away?
4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.
注意句中hundreds of hours的用法,閱讀課本第六頁注解2.
請翻譯下面的詞組:
1) 十個學生 ten students
數十個學生 tens of students
2) 五百年 five hundred years
數百年 hundreds of years
3) 兩千年 two thousand years
數千年 thousands of years
4) 三百萬美元 three million dollars
數百萬美元 millions of dollars
5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.
句中be different from 意為“與…不同”,如:My opinion is different from yours.(我的觀點與你的觀點不同。)
請注意下面三個句子中所用的詞組:
Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.
Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.
The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language.
從上面的句子中可以看出differ是動詞,different 是形容詞,difference是名詞。
6. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning.
… find it difficult to succeed in other fields.
句中的it是形式賓語(formal object),真正的賓語(real object)是不定式to succeed in language learning,此類用法在英語中很常見,請注意掌握。如:At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.(開始我感到記住這些單詞很難。)
請翻譯下面的句子:
1) 外面的噪音使我無法繼續工作。
(The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.)
2) 他們覺得再爭論下去是浪費時間。
(They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.)
3) 她認為把真相告訴小王是對的。
(She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.)
7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners.
本句中注意掌握動詞offer的用法,請看下面的例句:
1) He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. (我坐下后他給我端來一杯茶。)
2) What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers? (對這些新教師你有什么建議要提嗎?)
3) This shop offers all kinds of stationery.(這家商店供應各種文具。)
4) The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike.
(那個老人向我出價100元買這輛舊自行車。)
5) She offered to help me with my English.(她表示愿意幫我學英語。)
句中的advice為不可數名詞,其后不加s,正如課本第六頁注解3所說,有許多東西在漢語中是可數的,在英語中卻是不可數的。如news, information, paper 等,若要表示“一個”這類概念,就必須加a piece of這類定語,例如:
a piece of news
a piece of advice
a sum of money
a piece of bread
8. Read as much as you can.
句中的much 是副詞,用副詞作同等比較時,可以用as … as和so … as 這種結構,如:
1) Read as much as you can and your vocabulary will be enlarged.(盡量多閱讀,你的詞匯量就會擴大。)
2) We must arrange everything as well as we can.(我們要把一切盡可能地安排好。)
3) Please give me a call as soon as possible.(請盡早給我打電話。)
4) I don''t speak English so well as you.(我英語講得沒你好。)
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