A man was seen to go into the room.一個男人被看到走進屋里去了。(被動)
His mother made him do his homework again.他媽媽讓他把作業重寫一次。(主動)
He was made to do his homework again by his mother.他被媽媽要求把作業重寫一次。(被動)
6)動詞短語的被動語態
動詞+介詞
如:They have talked about this matter recently.他們近來一直在談論這件事情。(主動)
This matter has been talked about recently.這件事情近來一直被談論著。(被動)
動詞+副詞
如:They put off the sports meeting.他們把運動會推遲了。(主動)
The sports meeting was put off.運動會被推遲了。(被動)
7)get+過去分詞構成的被動語態
get+過去分詞也可以構成被動語態,用這種結構的句子側重于動作的結果而不是動作本身。
如:The man got hurt on his way home.那個男子在回家的路上受傷了。
Mary is going to get married.瑪麗準備結婚。
3.被動語態的用法:
1)動作的施動者很明顯,沒有必要提到時:
如:The rubbish hasn't been collected.垃圾沒有清走。
Your hand will be X-rayed.你的手要照X片。
2)不知道、不確切知道或忘記了誰是施動者。
如:The minister was murdered.部長被謀殺了。
You will be met at the station.有人會到車站去接你。
3)使用被動語態可以避免說出別扭的句子。
如:When he arrived home a detective arrested him.他回到家時,一名偵探逮捕了他。(主動)
此句最好表示為:
When he arrived home he was arrested by a detective.他回到家里就被一名偵探逮捕了。(被動)變為被動后,可以避免改換主語。
4) 主動句中主語是不定代詞one,通常可以表示為被動語態。
如:One sees this sort of advertisement everywhere.這樣的廣告到處可見。(主動)
This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere. 這樣的廣告到處可見。(被動)
5)當動作的實施者即主動句中的主語是泛指人們時:這樣的動詞有:assume, believe, claim, consider, estimate, find, know, report, say, think等,通常可以表示為被動語態。
如:People believe him to be honest.人們相信他是誠實的。
He is believed to be honest.相信他是誠實的。
6)新聞報道,書刊介紹等文體中,突出描述的客觀性。
如:Three people have so far been killed in the storms sweeping across the north of England and Southern Scotland.在席卷英格蘭北部和蘇格蘭南部的暴風雨中,三人喪生。
4.被動語態與系表結構的區別:
英語中有些“be+過去分詞”的形式可以表示被動語態也可以作系表結構。如果表示一個動作,則是被動語態;如果表示狀態,則是系表結構。表示被動時,常伴有by短語;表示狀態時多用其他介詞短語(in, at, with等)
如:The novel is well written.這個小說寫得很好。(系表結構)
The novel is written by a woman.這個小說是一位婦女寫的。(被動)
The man was offended. 那個人很生氣。(系表結構)
The man was offended by the woman.那個男人被那個女人激怒了。(被動)
5.主動形式表被動含義:
當句子中出現easy , hard , difficult 等詞修飾時,我們用主動形式表達被動
如 I found the poem hard to understand .
2001年第25小題:
They found the lecture hard --------
A to be understood B to understand C for understanding D to have been understood
答案是B
第二部分:鞏固練習
把下列句子變為被動句:
1.He suggested using the waterproof material.
He suggested that the waterproof material should be used.
2. He advised us to go to school earlier.
We are advised to go to school earlier.
3.The waiter recommended us to order the seafood.
We were recommended to order the seafood.
The waiter recommended that the seafood should be ordered.
4.We often hear him sing in the next room.
He is often heard to sing in the next room.
5.You needn't return the book now.
The book needn't be returned now.
6. They will send you a bill at the end of the month.
You will be sent a bill at the end of the month.
A bill will be sent to you at the end of the month.
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