00.6

　　When you start talking about good and bad manners

　　you immediately start meeting difficulties. Many

　　people just cannot agree what they mean. We asked a

　　lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a

　　well-mannered person on the way they occupied the S1._______

　　space around them—for example, when such a person

　　walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of S2._______

　　others. Such people never bump into other people.

　　However, a second person thought that this was

　　more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. S3._______

　　Instead, this other person told us a story, it he S4._______

　　said was quite well known, about an American who

　　had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries S5._______

　　of the Middle East. The American hasn't been S6._______

　　told very much about the kind of food he might

　　expect. If he had known about American food, he S7._______

　　might have behaved better.

　　Immediately before him was a very flat piece of

　　bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin (餐巾). S8._______

　　Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that it

　　falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been S9._______

　　watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied S10._______

　　the action of his guest.

　　And that, said this second person, was a fine

　　example of good manners.

　　01.6

　　More people die of tuberculosis (結(jié)核病) than of any

　　other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably

　　been the case in quite a while. During the early stages of S1. ________

　　the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh S2. ________

　　deaths in Europe's crowded cities were caused by the S3. ________

　　disease. From now on, though, western eyes, missing the S4. ________

　　global picture, saw the trouble going into decline. With

　　occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and

　　infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily S5. ________

　　through the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the

　　introduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened the

　　trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed

　　to be imported to poor countries. Medical researchers S6. ________

　　declared victory and withdrew.

　　They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of S7. ________

　　infections and deaths started to pick up again around the

　　world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in S8. ________

　　many places where it had never been away, it grew better. S9. ________

　　The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7

　　billion people (a third of the earth's population) suffer

　　from tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate was

　　falling, population growth kept the number of clinical

　　cases more or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around S10. ________

　　3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor

　　countries.