06.6

　　Until recently, dyslexia and other reading problems were

　　a mystery to most teachers and parents. As a result, too many

　　kids passed through school without master the printed page. S1_______

　　Some were treated as mentally deficient; many were left

　　functionally illiterate(文盲的), unable to ever meet their

　　potential. But in the last several years, there’s been a

　　revolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia. S2_______

　　Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques to

　　watch the brain at work. Their experiments have shown that

　　reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect, S3_______

　　faulty writing in the brain-not lazy, stupidity or a poor home S4________

　　environment. There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia S5________

　　is largely inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem

　　for some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have also

　　discarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics are

　　boys. Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well- S6________

　　and not getting help.

　　At same time, educational researchers have come up S7________

　　with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are having

　　trouble learning to read. New screening tests are identifying

　　children at risk before they get discouraged by year of S8________

　　frustration and failure. And educators are trying to get the

　　message to parents that they should be on the alert for the

　　first signs of potential problems.

　　It’s an urgent mission. Mass literacy is a relative new S9________

　　social goal. A hundred years ago people didn’t need to be

　　good readers in order to earn a living. But in the Information

　　Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and S10________

　　understand increasingly complex material.

　　06.12老六級

　　The most important starting point for improving the

　　understanding of science is undoubtedly an adequate

　　scientific education at school. Public attitude towards

　　science owe much the way science is taught in these S1________

　　institutions. Today, school is what most people come into S2________

　　contact with a formal instruction and explanation of science

　　for the first time, at least in a systematic way. It is at this

　　point which the foundations are laid for an interest in science. S3________

　　what is taught (and how) in this first encounter will largely

　　determine an individual’s view of the subject in adult life.

　　Understanding the original of the negative attitudes S4________

　　towards science may help us to modify them. Most education

　　system neglect exploration, understanding and reflection. S5________

　　Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of

　　facts, often by more detail than necessary. As a result, S6________

　　children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas

　　or the periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards. The S7________

　　task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes

　　learning laborious, boring and efficient. Such a purely S8________

　　empirical approach, which consists of observation and

　　description, is also, in a sense, unscientific or incomplete.

　　There is therefore a need for resources and methods of

　　teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in S9________

　　an enjoyable way. Science should not only be ‘fun’ in the

　　same way as playing a video game, but ‘hard fun’----a deep

　　feeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative S10________

　　engagement.