三、反身代詞
反身代詞在句中作賓語、表語和同位語,使用時(shí)注意反身代詞與其指代對象在人稱、數(shù)和性上保持一致。
例句: According to one belief, if truth is to be known, it will make itself apparent, so one had better wait instead of searching for it. (2001年第3題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中had better+ do意為“最好做某事”。
譯文: 按照一種觀點(diǎn),真理若想眾人皆知,真理就應(yīng)該顯而易見,所以人們最好是等待而不是去探尋它。
例句: Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to avail myself of every chance to improve my English. (1999年第35題)
分析: 該句是簡單句。avail oneself of...意為“利用(機(jī)會(huì)等)”。
譯文: 我敬愛的導(dǎo)師懷特教授經(jīng)常提醒我抓住每個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)提高英語水平。
例句: The house belongs to myself.(作介詞賓語)
You yourself did wrong to him.(作同位語)
四、相互代詞
相互代詞只有each other和one another兩種,通常前者表示兩者之間的相互關(guān)系,后者表示兩者以上的人或事物之間的相互關(guān)系。
例句: Language, culture, and personality may be considered independently of each other in thought,but they are inseparable in fact. (1996年第31題)
分析: 該句是由but引導(dǎo)的并列句。
譯文: 在意識形態(tài)中,語言、文化和個(gè)性可能被認(rèn)為是相互獨(dú)立的,但事實(shí)上它們是不可分割的。
例句: In Europe, as elsewhere, multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. (2005年第47題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。句子主干為multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups。定語從句which bring together...修飾groups,其中television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses作bring的賓語,即bring...together, 另一個(gè)定語從句that work in relation to one another修飾其前面的幾個(gè)名詞。
譯文: 在歐洲,像在其他地方一樣,傳媒集團(tuán)擴(kuò)張?jiān)絹碓匠晒Γ@些集團(tuán)將相關(guān)的電視、 廣播、報(bào)紙、雜志和出版社組合在一起。
注意: 相互代詞的所有格形式為each others,one anothers,其后接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
五、指示代詞
(一)this,that和these,those
指示代詞this和that的復(fù)數(shù)形式分別為these和those,在句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語,this和these表示較近的空間或時(shí)間,that和those表示較遠(yuǎn)的空間和時(shí)間。
例句: In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women pursuing this field is climbing.
分析: 該句是并列句。
譯文: 過去林業(yè)工人多半是男人,可如今從事這一行業(yè)的婦女人數(shù)在增加。
例句: We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. (2004年第62題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主句為We are obliged to them。because引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句,定語從句who spoke them修飾the peoples,as引導(dǎo)的句子可以看做插入語,補(bǔ)充說明 some of these languages have since vanished的原因。
譯文: 我們之所以感激他們(兩位先驅(qū)),是因?yàn)樵诖艘院螅@些語言中有一些已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了,這是由于使用這些語言的民族或是消亡了,或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語言。
(二)指示代詞that和those也可用于比較結(jié)構(gòu),表示前面提到的東西,避免重復(fù)
例句: The number of registered participants in this years marathon was half that of last years. (1996年第7題)
分析: 該句是簡單句,本句的主語是單數(shù)名詞number,因此后面指代它的代詞只能是單數(shù)that,謂語用單數(shù)。
譯文: 今年登記參加馬拉松賽跑的人數(shù)是去年的一半。
例句: His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. (2006年第47題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主句為His function is analogous to that of a judge。定語從句who must accept...修飾a judge,介詞短語in as obvious a matter as possible作狀語,用來說明reveal的方式,另一個(gè)定語從句which led him to his decision修飾the course of reasoning。
譯文: 他的職責(zé)與法官相似,必須承擔(dān)這樣的責(zé)任: 用盡可能明了的方式來展示自己作出決定的推理過程。
例句: These bunches of flowers are more beautiful than those we bought yesterday.
譯文: 這些束花比昨天我們買的那些花漂亮多了。
(三)指示代詞such在句中作主語、表語和定語
例句: Such is what you want me to do.
Such are the meanings of authentic love.
(such作表語時(shí),往往置于句首)
注意: such用作定語時(shí)和副詞so的區(qū)別在前面副詞一節(jié)中已提到。
(四)指示代詞same的用法
在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語,其前與定冠詞the連用。
例句: Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. (選自1996年Cloze Test)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。
譯文: 因?yàn)槭怯赏瑯拥脑貥?gòu)成——通常是碳、氫、氧,有時(shí)還有氮,所以各種維生素都很相似。
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