第 1 頁:單項選擇題 |
第 4 頁:多項選擇題 |
第 5 頁:案例分析題 |
2. 2010年4月1日,A企業與B企業簽訂了一份買賣合同,按照買賣合同的約定,由A企業在2010年5月31日前向B企業提供貨物,B企業收到貨物后的10天內支付貨款。
2010年5月25日,A企業按照合同約定完成全部貨物的生產,5月26日A企業得到確切證據證明B企業經營狀況嚴重惡化,可能無力支付貨款。6月2日A企業通知B企業中止履行合同,并要求B企業提供擔保。B企業承諾,可以請求C企業和D企業提供擔保。
2010年6月10日,A企業與C企業簽訂了抵押合同,抵押物為C企業的廠房。雙方在抵押合同中約定,如B企業不能支付到期貨款,該廠房的所有權直接歸A企業所有,并辦理了抵押物的登記手續。A企業又與D企業簽訂了保證合同,雙方在保證合同中約定的保證方式為一般保證,但未約定保證期間。
2010年6月15日,A企業向B企業交付了全部貨物。B企業對貨物的數量和質量未提出異議,但由于經營狀況不佳,無力支付貨款。
A企業要求C企業履行擔保責任,A企業發現C企業用于抵押的廠房已經被政府有關部門征用,C企業由此獲得一筆補償金。A企業要求C企業以其獲得的補償金支付貨款,C企業表示拒絕。
A企業要求D企業履行保證責任,D企業表示拒絕,理由是:第一,自己享有先訴抗辯權;第二,自己的提供的保證與C提供的物的擔保并存,應先執行物的擔保。
要求:根據上述事實和有關法律規定,分析回答下列問題。
(1)A企業在2010年6月2日是否可以中止履行合同?并說明理由。
(2)抵押合同中約定,如B企業不能支付到期貨款,該廠房的所有權直接歸A企業所有是否合法?抵押合同是否有效?并分別說明理由。
(3)D企業的保證期間從何時開始計算?并說明理由。
(4)D企業拒絕履行保證責任的兩個理由是否正確?并分別說明理由。
(5)A企業是否有權要求以補償金支付貨款?并說明理由。
(6)A企業應在什么期間內對D企業提起訴訟?并說明理由。
[答案]
(1)A企業可以中止履行合同。(0.5分)根據規定,應當先履行債務的當事人,有確切證據證明對方經營狀況嚴重惡化的,可以中止履行,要求對方提供擔保。(1.5分)(2014年教材P74)
A Company may suspend its performance of the contract. According to regulations, the party required to perform first may suspend its performance and request the other party to provide appropriate assurance for its performance if it has conclusive evidence showing that the other party’s business has seriously deteriorated.
(2)首先,抵押合同中,“如B企業不能支付到期貨款,該廠房的所有權直接歸A企業所有”的條款不合法。根據規定,當事人在訂立抵押合同時,不得在合同中約定在債務履行期滿抵押權人未受清償時,抵押物的所有權轉移為債權人所有。如果合同中有這樣的條款,則該條款無效,即“流押條款無效”。(1分)(2014年教材P56)
其次,抵押合同有效。根據規定,流押條款無效不影響抵押合同其他條款的效力。(1分)(2014年教材P56)
First, the clause in the mortgage contract stipulating that “if B Company fails to make the payment due, the ownership of the plant shall be directly transferred to A Company” is illegal. According to regulations, in concluding a mortgage contract, the mortgagor and the mortgagee may not stipulate that the ownership of the mortgaged property shall be transferred to the creditor in case the mortgagee’s claim is not satisfied after maturity of the debt. Therefore, such clause, i.e., the “fluidity clause”, is ineffective.
Second, the mortgage contract is effective. According to regulations, the nullity and voidness of the fluidity clause shall not affect the validity of other provisions of the mortgage contract.
(3)D企業的保證期間從2010年6月25日(或答6月26日也可))開始計算。(0.5分)根據規定,保證人與債權人未約定保證期間的,保證期間為主債務履行期屆滿之日起6個月。(1.5分)(2014年教材P79)
The term of suretyship of D Company shall be calculated from June 25, 2010. According to regulations, if the surety of a general suretyship and the creditor have no agreement on the term of suretyship, the term of suretyship shall be six months from the date of maturity of the principal debts.
(4)①D企業的第一個理由正確。根據規定,一般保證的保證人享有先訴抗辯權,在主合同糾紛未經審判或仲裁,并就債務人財產依法強制執行用于清償債務前,對債權人可拒絕承擔保證責任。(1.5分)(2014年教材P78)
②D企業的第二個理由不正確。根據規定,在同一債權上既有保證又有第三人提供物的擔保的,債權人可以就物的擔保實現債權,也可以要求保證人承擔保證責任。提供擔保的第三人承擔擔保責任后,有權向債務人追償。(1.5分)(2014年教材P80)
① The first reason of D Company is correct. According to regulations, the surety of a general suretyship enjoys the right of discussion, which means that a general suretyship allows the surety to refuse to undertake suretyship liability towards the creditor before a dispute over the principal contract is tried or arbitrated and the obligations are not enforceable even after the debtor’s assets have been seized according to law.
② The second reason of D Company is incorrect. According to regulations, where the same right of a creditor is assured by both a guarantee and a property guarantee of a third party, the creditor may either have his claim paid with such property or request the guarantee provider to undertake the suretyship. After the third party has borne the suretyship, he shall have the right of recourse against the debtor.
(5)A企業有權要求以補償金支付貨款。(0.5分)擔保期間,擔保財產毀損、滅失或者被征收等,擔保物權人可以就獲得的保險金、賠償金或者補償金等優先受償。(1.5分)(2014年教材P55)
A Company has the right to seek payments from the indemnities. According to regulations, in case, during the security term, the property for security is damaged, lost or expropriated, the security holder may seek preferred payments from the insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. incurred therefrom.
(6)A企業應在對B企業提起訴訟的判決生效之日起2年內對D企業提起訴訟。(0.5分)根據規定,在一般保證中,在保證期間內對債務人提起訴訟或者申請仲裁的判決或者仲裁裁決生效之日起算保證的訴訟時效。保證的訴訟時效期限為2年。(1.5分)(2014年教材P80)
A Company shall lodge a complaint against D Company within two years from the effective date of the verdict on the complaint it lodged against B Company. According to regulations, where the creditor of a general guarantee lodges a complaint or applies for arbitration against the debtor before the expiration of the guarantee term, the limitation of action for the guarantee contract shall be calculated from the effective date of verdict or arbitration award. The limitation of action for the guarantee contract shall be two year.
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