第十三篇

　　13 Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

　　1. describe the picture;

　　2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

　　3. make your comment.

　　You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　文章可以分四段來寫：第一段描述圖畫，第二段解釋產生該現象的原因，第三段講應對問題的策略，最后一段作總結。In the picture, a crab is most surprised when looking at a man walking forward.

　　It is not quite a challenging task for us to explain this phenomenon. To begin with, it is natural for different individuals to adopt different angles to look at the world and employ different methods to cope with problems, so we will find others�� opinions and behaviors hard to understand if we always look from our own perspective. Furthermore, to look down upon others or gossip about others�� private affairs can be largely attributed to self�瞔onceit. When we judge ourselves, we think of what we can do; but when we judge others, we think of what they have done. So it is likely for us to overestimate our own ability, and feel the impulse to complain and condemn in the name of truth and justice.

　　To solve this problem, the first step is to learn to control our own temper when facing again such “annoying” ideas or behaviors. When we calm down and analyze in depth what has happened, we are more likely to draw the reasonable conclusion. The next suggestion is to try to be strict with ourselves and tolerant of others at the same time—only in this way will it be possible for us to come to terms with the world. Another important point is that we should constantly develop and improve ourselves—when we endeavor to assimilate knowledge and accumulate experience, we will find it easier to have a calm mind and look at the world from a more balanced perspective.

　　How can a crab refrain from laughing at a man walking forward when it has run amuck for so many years? We are intelligent beings who should make constant progress by learning, reflection and communication. When we get to the top of the academic, corporate, or social ladder, it is more important for us to stand higher and higher and look down on the earthly affairs without easily expressing our opinions.第一段是對圖畫的描述，非常簡潔。第二段共六句話，闡釋現象，在統領句后分兩點來說。第一點說不同的人在看待世界和解決問題時采用不同的角度和方法是相當自然的，所以當我們從自己的角度出發時就會發現別人的觀點和行為難以理解。第二點說藐視別人和閑聊別人的私事多是由于自負。當我們評價自己時，想的是我們能做成什么；而評價別人時，想的是他們已經做了什么。這樣做我們就容易高估自己的能力，而產生了以真理與正義之名來抱怨與責備的沖動。

　　第三段說解決問題的辦法，分三點來說。第一點是說我們應學會控制自己的脾氣。當我們靜下心來深入分析的時候，我們便更有可能得出合理的結論。第二點是說我們應嚴格要求自己而非他人——只有這樣我們才可能與我們所生活的世界達成妥協。第三點是說我們應不斷提升自己——當我們努力吸收知識和積累經驗時，我們將會更容易保持平和的心態，以更平衡的視角來看待這個世界。

　　最后一段是結語——如果前面寫得中規中矩，這一段可以使用一些特殊的手段來對文章的檔次做大幅的提升。該段共分三句。第一句是一個反問句，呼應文章的第一段：螃蟹橫行霸道多年，又怎么會不嘲笑直著走的人呢？該句的作用在于經過討論之后，讓讀者產生巨大的共鳴——這一問題已非常清楚了。第二句說我們人是有智慧的，應當通過學習、思考和交流不斷取得進步。最后一句說當我們攀上學習、公司和社會階梯之巔時，我們應站得更高，俯看世事，而不輕下結論。這句話是對第三段第三點的直接呼應。后兩句話中均有平行結構的用法，請用心體會。 越是看似簡單的道理，大家越是應該談深談透。

　　在一個段落里，分點寫作的時候，大家應遵循一定的順序來寫，如在重要性上逐步增加等等。讀者在文章的結構上遇到的麻煩越少，就越容易聚焦于文章的內容。另外，上下文的呼應會給讀者帶來潛意識的愉悅，是提高成績的好方法。